Cynthia M. Ho

Loyola University of Chicago School of Law

Professor of Law

25 E. Pearson

Chicago, IL 60611

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

42

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21,928

TOTAL CITATIONS
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Top 37,496

in Total Papers Citations

16

Scholarly Papers (42)

1.

Drugged Out: How Cognitive Bias Hurts Drug Innovation

51 San Diego Law Review 419 (2014)
Number of pages: 90 Posted: 01 Sep 2013 Last Revised: 09 Aug 2014
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 11,414 (989)
Citation 1

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patent, drug, pharmaceutical, innovation, cognitive bias, schema, drug development

2.

Biopiracy and Beyond: A Consideration of Socio-Cultural Conflicts with Global Patent Policies

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Vol. 39, 2006
Number of pages: 110 Posted: 10 Jul 2006
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 1,084 (44,385)

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patent, biopiracy, WTO, TRIPS, CBD

3.

Complicated Compulsory Licenses: The Waiver/Article31bis 'Solution'

Cynthia M. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, April 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-032
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 05 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 823 (64,939)

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TRIPS, patent, compulsory license, Doha Public Health Declaration, paragraph 6, Article 31bis, TRIPS Council, Canada, Rwanda, Apotex

4.

Access to Medicine in the Global Economy: International Agreements on Patents and Related Rights

ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011 , Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-011
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 07 Mar 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 677 (83,765)
Citation 1

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Patent, TRIPS, ACTA, Drug, Medicine, Compulsory License, Data Exclusivity, Patent Linkage

5.

Compulsory Licenses Under TRIPS: An Introduction

Cynthia M. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, April 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper NO. 2011-030
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 05 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 550 (109,042)

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patent, compulsory license, TRIPS, drugs, pharmaceutials, Thailand, emergency

6.

Patent Breaking or Balancing? Separating Strands of Fact from Fiction Under TRIPS

North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, Vol. 34, 2009, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2009-003
Number of pages: 109 Posted: 13 Aug 2008 Last Revised: 23 Dec 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 547 (109,819)

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patent, TRIPS, pharmaceuticals, Thailand, compulsory license, middle-income, developing country

7.

Sovereignty Under Siege: Corporate Challenges to Domestic Intellectual Property Decisions

Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2015, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-002
Number of pages: 92 Posted: 15 Aug 2014 Last Revised: 17 Aug 2015
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 480 (129,094)

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intellectual property, patent, investor-state arbitration, ISDS, investment arbitration, NAFTA, TRIPS, drug, pharmaceutical, public health, access to medicine,TPP, TTIP, CETA, expropriation, FET, fair and equitable treatment, clinical data

8.

An Overview of 'TRIPS-Plus' Standards

C. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, April 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-033
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 25 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 406 (156,861)

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TRIPS, TRIPS-Plus, FTA, PCT, Pipeline, Access to medicine, data exclusivity, patent linkage, generic drug

9.

Confronting IP Nationalism

Forthcoming, Denver Law Review, Vol. 100, No. 1, 2023
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 26 Aug 2021 Last Revised: 06 Sep 2022
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 366 (176,162)
Citation 1

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IP, nationalism, COVID,TRIPS, global public goods, access to medicine, vaccine, drug, innovation, compulsory license, WTO, COVAX

10.

Compulsory License Case Study: An Introduction to Competing Patent Perspectives

Cynthia M. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, April 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-031
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 05 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 361 (178,857)

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patent, TRIPS, compulsory license, Thailand, middle-income

11.

Regime Shifting of IP Law Making and Enforcement from the WTO to the International Investment Regime

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, Vol. 18, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 76 Posted: 10 Feb 2017
James Thuo Gathii and Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 348 (186,166)
Citation 9

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Tobacco, Regime Shifting, WTO, Plain Packaging, Investor-State Reform, TRIPS, Human Rights

12.

An Introduction to TRIPS

ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-021
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 15 Aug 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 347 (186,774)

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TRIPS, WTO, patentability, patent rights, patent term, data protection

13.

A History of Access to Medicine Through the Lens of Patent Perspectives

C. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-035
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 25 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 303 (216,186)

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patents, access to medicine, Doha Public Health Declaration, PhRMA, South Africa, Brazil, TRIPS, TRIPS-Plus, A2K, WHO, WIPO

14.

Beyond Patents: Protecting Drugs Through Regulatory Laws

C. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-034
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 25 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 281 (234,109)

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data exclusivity, patent linkage, generic drugs, Hatch-Waxman, PhARMA

15.

A New World Order for Addressing Patent Rights and Public Health

Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 82, p. 1467, 2007
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 12 Jul 2007 Last Revised: 23 Jun 2009
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 262 (251,344)

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patent, public health, TRIPS, TRIPS plus, compulsory license, A2K, WTO

16.

Global Access to Medicine: The Influence of Competing Patent Perspectives

Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 34, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-024
Number of pages: 83 Posted: 15 Aug 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 257 (256,309)

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17.

Freedom under TRIPS: India as an Example

ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-025
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 03 Sep 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 241 (273,227)

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Patent, TRIPS, India, Section 3d, New Use, New Forms of Known Substances, Prior Use, Opposition, Mailbox Application, International Exhaustion, Data Protection, Patent Linkage, Generic Drug

18.

Lessons from Labcorp v. Metabolite

Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal, 2007
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 23 May 2007
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 233 (283,692)

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patent, patent reform, patentable subject matter, Supreme Court

19.

A Mystery Statute Approach: How to Teach and Test the Legal Skill of Statutory Interpretation

L. Teacher, Fall 2013, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2013-015
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 17 Aug 2013 Last Revised: 18 Dec 2013
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 221 (297,238)

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teaching,formative, summative, assessment, test, statute, skills, Carnegie Report

20.

Should All Drugs Be Patentable?: A Comparative Perspective

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law, Vol. 17, 2015, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-015
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 11 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 24 Jun 2015
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 214 (306,611)
Citation 1

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patent, TRIPS, drug, pharmaceutical, India, Canada, promise doctrine, 3d

21.

An Active Learning Approach to Teaching Tough Topics: Personal Jurisdiction as an Example

65 Journal of Legal Education 772, 2016, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 11 Jun 2016
Cynthia M. Ho, Angela Upchurch and Susan M. Gilles
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law, Southern Illinois University - Southern Illinois University School of Law and Capital University - Law School
Downloads 203 (322,293)

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teaching, active learning, personal jurisdiction, PJ, assessment, feedback, pretesting, formative assessment, multiple assessment, multiple choice, MCQ

22.

A Collision Course between TRIPS Flexibilities and Investor-State Proceedings

22 UC Irvine L. Rev. (2017), Forthcoming
Number of pages: 75 Posted: 18 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 28 Apr 2017
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 193 (337,710)
Citation 1

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TRIPS, ISDS, investor-state, Eli Lilly, plain package tobacco, patent, trademark

23.

Biosimilar Bias: A Barrier to Addressing American Drug Costs

Denver Law Review, Vol. 99, No. 3, 2022
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 22 Sep 2021 Last Revised: 09 Dec 2021
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 189 (344,264)

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Biosimilar, biologic, FDA, cognitive bias, misinformation, marketing, drug, Medicare, pharmacy substitution

24.

A Limitation on the Patent Right to Exclude: An Introduction to International Exhaustion

ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Chapter 2, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-023
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 15 Aug 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 174 (370,743)

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patent, drug, drug prices, international exhaustion, parallel import, domestic exhaustion, first sale, gray market, price discrimination

25.

IRAC & Exam-Writing Exercise for Civil Procedure

Number of pages: 5 Posted: 24 Mar 2021 Last Revised: 27 Jul 2022
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 157 (405,398)

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Civil procedure, IRAC, law, exams,1L, formative assessment, online learning, collaboration

26.

From Conception to Commercial Success

Cynthia M. Ho, ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PATENTS AND RELATED RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2011, Loyola University Chicago School of Law Research Paper No. 2011-020
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 08 Jul 2011
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 153 (414,307)

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drug development, brand, generic, marketing patent data exclusivity

27.

Unveiling Competing Patent Perspectives

46 Houston Law Review 1047 (2009), Loyola University Chicago School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 25 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 26 Mar 2010
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 151 (418,827)

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patent, TRIPS, pharmaceuticals, medicine, Thailand, compulsory license, social cognition

28.

A Dangerous Concoction: Pharmaceutical Marketing, Cognitive Biases, and First Amendment Overprotection

94 Indiana L. J. 773 (2019)
Number of pages: 82 Posted: 30 Mar 2018 Last Revised: 16 Jun 2019
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 149 (423,340)

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Commercial Speech, Sorrell, Caronia, FDA, Off-Label, Marketing, Pharmaceutical, Cognitive Bias, Schema

29.

Avoiding the TRIPS Trap: A Path to Domestic Disclosure of Clinical Drug Data Consistent with International Norms

Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2001
Number of pages: 76 Posted: 10 Aug 2020 Last Revised: 06 Jul 2022
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 147 (428,061)
Citation 1

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health policy, clinical trial transparency, WTO, TRIPS, trade secret, COVID-19, clinical data, drugs

30.

Investor-State Arbitration: A New Threat to Global Access to Affordable Medicine

Number of pages: 27 Posted: 22 Mar 2018
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 145 (432,791)

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ISDS, investor-state, plain package tobacco, TRIPS, expropriation, FET

31.

Current Controversies Concerning Patent Rights and Public Health in a World of International Norms

PATENT LAW AND THEORY: A HANDBOOK OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH, Toshiko Takenaka, ed., 2008
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 26 Jul 2008 Last Revised: 05 Mar 2014
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 136 (455,708)

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patent, TRIPS, health, India, Thailand, compulsory license, Doha Public Health Declaration

32.

Amicus Curiae Submission on Eli Lily the Company vs. The Government of Canada

Submitted to the ICSID Case No. UNCT14/2
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 22 May 2018
Harvard University - Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Northeastern University - School of Law, Loyola University of Chicago School of Law, University of London-School of Oriental and African Studies(SOAS), School of Law, LSE Law, Georgia State University College of Law and Queen's University Belfast, School of Law
Downloads 108 (544,547)

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IP, patent, ISDS, investor-state arbitration, TRIPS, NAFTA, expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, utility, industrial application, promise doctrine, secondary patents, evergreening

33.

The Intersection of ISDS and TRIPS Flexibilities

Chapter in Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Investment Law, Christophe Geiger, ed. Edward Elgar Publishing, (Forthcoming)
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 20 Jun 2019
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 106 (552,168)

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TRIPS flexibilities, ISDS, investor-state dispute, Eli Lilly, promise doctrine, tobacco label, Philip Morris

34.

Do Patents Promote the Progress of Justice?: Reflections on Varied Visions of Justice

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, Vol. 36, p. 469, 2005
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 21 Dec 2007
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 91 (611,845)

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patent law, justice, progres of justice

35.

Pitfalls in Patenting Publicly Funded Research - Comments on Draft South African Regulations

Loyola University Chicago School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series No. 2009-010
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 04 Jun 2009
Matthew Herder and Cynthia M. Ho
Dalhousie University - Faculties of Medicine and LawDalhousie University - Faculty of Medicine and Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 90 (616,122)

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Patent, Bayh-Dole, research, license, open-source

36.

Beyond Traditional IP: Addressing Regulatory Barriers

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, COVID-19, AND THE NEXT PANDEMIC: DIAGNOSING PROBLEMS, DEVELOPING CURES (Cambridge U. Press, Forthcoming 2023)
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 05 Jan 2023
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 89 (620,386)

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IP, Intellectual Property, COVID, pandemic, data exclusivity, patent linkage, TRIPS, FTA

37.

Suspensions of In-Transit 'Generic' Drugs: A Case Study of Competing Perspectives

Oxford University Press, 2011
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 10 Jun 2013
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 82 (651,824)

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patent, TRIPS, generic, drugs, in-transit, EU regulation

38.

Comments on Rights to Federally Funded Inventions and Licensing of Government Owned Inventions, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States Department of Commerce, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. 86 FR 35. Agency/Docket Number: 201207-0327

Saint Louis U. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-24, Emory Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21-21
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 17 Aug 2021 Last Revised: 17 Dec 2021
DePaul University College of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law, Georgia State University College of Law, Villanova University - Charles Widger School of Law and Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 67 (729,837)
Citation 1

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Bayh-Dole, Patents, Regulations, March-In, Pricing

39.
Downloads 65 (741,506)

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WHO, COVID, pandemic treaty, pandemic agreement, IP, technology transfer, R&D, patent

40.

Best Kept Secret: The Hidden Health Costs of Corporate Confidentiality

Number of pages: 69 Posted: 27 Mar 2025
Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University of Chicago School of Law
Downloads 18 (1,179,270)

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Trade secret, IP, health, patent, fracking

41.

Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property in Healthcare Technologies

Ch. 11: Artificial intelligence and intellectual property in healthcare technologies, in Research Handbook on Health, AI and the Law (Edgar, ed. Barry Solaiman & I. Glenn Cohen), https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802205657.00018
Posted: 02 Oct 2024
Charlotte Tschider and Cynthia M. Ho
Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Loyola University of Chicago School of Law

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artificial intelligence, intellectual property, patent law, copyright law, healthcare, biological sciences, medicine, medical device, deep learning, trade secrecy

42.
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IP, WHO, pandemic, national security, COVID, trade secret, global security, trade secret, patent, data exclusivity, pandemic agreement, TRIPS COVID waiver, public good, technology transfer, benefit sharing, TRIPS