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Wolfram Schultz

University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience

Cambridge, CB2 3DY

United Kingdom

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

17

DOWNLOADS

1,505

TOTAL CITATIONS

10

Scholarly Papers (17)

1.

The Dopamine Reward Prediction Error Signal

Number of pages: 15 Posted: 07 May 2024
Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 236 (327,463)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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2.

Reward Learning and Choice: From Theory to Neuronal Signals

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 06 Aug 2024
Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 170 (442,467)

Abstract:

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Pavlovian conditioning, temporal difference learning, utility, multi-component options

3.

The Neuroeconomics of Simple and Complex Choice

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 24 Jul 2025
Peter Bossaerts and Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Faculty of Economics and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 162 (461,984)

Abstract:

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Reward, Reinforcement Learning, Risk, Rate Code, Complexity, Uncertainty

4.

Concept-Based Neural Investigations of Multi-Component Economic Choice in Human and Non-Human Primates

Number of pages: 37 Posted: 23 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 01 Mar 2023
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) - Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 112 (630,858)

Abstract:

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5.

Non-human primates satisfy utility maximization in compliance with the continuity axiom of Expected Utility Theory

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 18 Mar 2020 Last Revised: 16 Nov 2020
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 92 (730,864)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Reward, chocie, preference, probability

6.

Risky Choice: Probability Weighting Explains Independence Axiom Violations in Monkeys

Number of pages: 38 Posted: 18 Nov 2021 Last Revised: 05 May 2022
Simone Ferrari-Toniolo, Leo Chi U Seak and Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 86 (765,566)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Choice, probability, gamble, violation, preference reversal

7.

Reward Value Revealed by Auction in Rhesus Monkeys

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 12 Jun 2020 Last Revised: 25 Oct 2021
Alaa Al-Mohammad and Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 76 (830,555)
Citation 2

Abstract:

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BDM, utility, binary choice, neuroeconomics

8.

Reward-specific satiety affects subjective value signals in orbitofrontal cortex during multi-component economic choice

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 30 Jul 2020 Last Revised: 18 May 2021
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 69 (883,195)

Abstract:

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Stochastic choice, psychophysics, indifference curve, revealed preference, multi-component choice option

9.

Single-Dimensional Human Brain Signals for Two-Dimensional Economic Choice Options

Number of pages: 31 Posted: 01 May 2020 Last Revised: 03 Dec 2020
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 68 (891,180)

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Bundles, decision-making, reward, fMRI, revealed preference, stochastic, value

10.

Comparing Utility Functions Between Risky and Riskless Choice in Rhesus Monkeys

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 10 Mar 2021
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 67 (899,324)
Citation 3

Abstract:

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11.

Dopamine neurons encode trial-by-trial subjective reward value in an auction-like task

Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 Jan 2023 Last Revised: 10 May 2024
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 64 (924,743)

Abstract:

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BDM, second-price auction, bidding, ranking, incentive compatible

12.

Adaptation of Utility Functions to Reward Distribution in Rhesus Monkeys

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 19 Jun 2020
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 64 (924,743)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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choice, prospect theory, reference, risk, standard deviation

13.

Worth the Work? Monkeys Discount Rewards by a Subjective Adapting Effort Cost

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 11 Jan 2023
Mark Burrell, Alexandre Pastor-Bernier and Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 55 (1,010,164)

Abstract:

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14.

Formal Cooperation In Macaque Monkeys Obtained Via Single-Payoff Change From Formal Coordination Games

Number of pages: 17 Posted: 11 Jan 2023
Charlotte van Coeverden and Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 55 (1,020,567)

Abstract:

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15.

Smarter Than Humans: Rationality Reflected in Primate Neuronal Reward Signals

Forthcoming, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences (2021)
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 01 Apr 2021
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 45 (1,121,190)

Abstract:

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16.

Systematic Comparison of Risky Choices in Humans and Monkeys

Number of pages: 20 Posted: 11 Feb 2023
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Liverpool - Management School (ULMS), California Institute of Technology (Caltech) - Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 43 (1,145,425)

Abstract:

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Independence axiom, utility, risk, choice

17.

Experimentally Revealed Stochastic Preferences for Multi-Component Choice Options

Number of pages: 42 Posted: 17 Jun 2020 Last Revised: 07 Oct 2020
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 41 (1,170,409)
Citation 1

Abstract:

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Bundle, decision-making, stochastic choice, psychophysics, monkey

Other Papers (1)

Total Downloads: 113
1.

A Dopamine Mechanism for Reward Maximization

Schultz W. A dopamine mechanism for reward maximization. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 121: e2316658121, 2024.
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 21 Oct 2021 Last Revised: 10 May 2024
Wolfram Schultz
University of Cambridge - Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
Downloads 113

Abstract:

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Reward prediction error, reinforcement learning, prediction, iteration, recursion