Tsinghua University - Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) - Department of Clinical Nutrition, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Guangzhou Medical University - Department of Basic Medical Research, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) - Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua University - Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, China Aerospace Academy of Systems Science and Engineering, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of General Surgery, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Surgical Anesthesia, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua University - Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Karolinska Institutet - Department of Biosciences and Nutrition and Government of the People's Republic of China - Surgical Intensive Care Unit