Karen J. Alter

Northwestern University - Department of Political Science

Professor

601 University Place

Evanston, IL 60208

United States

University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law - iCourts Center of Excellence

Permanant Visiting Faculty

Karen Blixens Plads 16

Copenhagen, DK-2300

Denmark

  • Northwestern University - Department of Political Science

  • University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law - iCourts Center of Excellence

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

65

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25,322

SSRN CITATIONS
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Top 5,189

in Total Papers Citations

201

CROSSREF CITATIONS

161

Ideas:
“  I am spending the 2023 academic year as a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Commerce, researching the US export control system and the prospect of a new multilateral export control regime. I am continuing to work on backlash politics in comparison, and the legalization of trade and money. I have also begun researching the transformation of the global health system into a regime complex, and how this transformation has impacted the World Health Organization  ”

  • Northwestern University - Department of Political Science

  • University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law - iCourts Center of Excellence

Scholarly Papers (65)

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1.

The Rise of International Regime Complexity

Downloads 2,203 (13,592)

The Rise of International Regime Complexity

Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences, 2018, UCLA School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 17-47, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 17-30
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 10 Dec 2017 Last Revised: 17 Apr 2018
Karen J. Alter and Kal Raustiala
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - School of Law
Downloads 2,203 (13,340)
Citation 29

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International cooperation, global governance, regime complex, international law, multilateralism, world order

The Rise of International Regime Complexity

Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 14, pp. 329-349, 2018
Posted: 29 Oct 2018
Karen J. Alter and Kal Raustiala
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - School of Law

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2.

The Future of International Law

In Diana Ayton-Shenker (ed.), The New Global Agenda, Lahnham: Rowman & Littlefield (2018). Chapter 2 (25-42)., iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 101, 2017, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 17-18
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 10 Aug 2017 Last Revised: 07 Mar 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 1,984 (15,999)
Citation 3

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International Law, Mass Atrocities, Cybersecurity, Paris Climate Accord, Human Rights, US Foreign Policy, Law of the Seas, International Liberal Order, Drones

3.

The European Court's Political Power Across Time and Space

Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 09-03
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 29 Jan 2009 Last Revised: 14 May 2016
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 1,432 (26,471)
Citation 17

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International Courts, International Tribunals, European Court of Justice European Union, European Community, Regional Trade, Regional Integration, International Relations, Administrative State, Judicial Politics, Preliminary References

4.

Do International Courts Enhance Compliance with International Law?

Asian and Pacific Studies, Vol. 25, 2003
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 17 Aug 2006
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 1,039 (42,145)
Citation 1

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International Law, International Courts, Compliance

5.

The New Terrain of International Law: Courts, Politics, Rights

K. Alter, The New Terrain of International Law: Courts, Politics, Rights, Princeton University Press, 2013, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 13-11, Northwestern University Roberta Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies Working Paper No. 13-001
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 15 Mar 2013
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 784 (62,158)

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International law, International Courts, International Law Effectiveness, human rights, war crimes

6.

How Context Shapes the Authority of International Courts

79:1 Law & Contemporary Problems 1-36 (2016)., iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 18, Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2015-13
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 07 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 16 Nov 2018
Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer and Mikael Rask Madsen
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Duke University School of Law and University of Copenhagen - iCourts - Centre of Excellence for International Courts
Downloads 691 (73,264)
Citation 3

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7.

Backlash Against International Courts in West, East and Southern Africa: Causes and Consequences

27 European Journal of International Law, 293-328 (2016), iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 21, Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2015-19
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 10 Apr 2015 Last Revised: 08 Sep 2019
Karen J. Alter, James Thuo Gathii and Laurence R. Helfer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 685 (74,071)
Citation 46

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8.

The Politics of International Regime Complexity Symposium

Perspectives on Politics 7 (1), 2009: 13-24, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 996889, Roberta Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies Working Paper 07-03
Number of pages: 142 Posted: 28 Jun 2007 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter and Sophie Meunier
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Princeton University - Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
Downloads 680 (74,754)
Citation 23

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Complexity, International Organization, International Cooperation, International law, Nested Regimes

9.

Agents or Trustees? International Courts in Their Political Context

European Journal of International Relations 14 (1) 2008: 33-63
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 22 Nov 2004 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 636 (81,310)
Citation 18

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International Courts, Judicial Independence, Principal-Agent Theory

10.

The Multiple Roles of International Courts and Tribunals: Enforcement, Dispute Settlement, Constitutional and Administrative Review

International Law and International Relations: Synthesizing Insights from Interdisciplinary Scholarship, Jeffrey L. Dunoff and Mark A. Pollack, eds., 2013, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 12-10
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 21 Jul 2012
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 611 (85,449)
Citation 2

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International Law, International Courts

11.

The ICJ In Comparison: Understanding the ICJ’s Limited Influence

iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 195, Forthcoming in Melbourne Journal of International Law
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 16 Jul 2020 Last Revised: 12 Dec 2020
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 601 (87,284)
Citation 1

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International Court of Justice, International Courts, International Politics, International Law, Dispute Settlement

12.

The Contested Authority and Legitimacy of International Law: The State Strikes Back

iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 134, 2022, Forthcoming in: Christopher Daase and Nicole Dietelhoff eds. Beyond Anarchy: Rule and Authority in the International System, 2022
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 11 Jul 2018 Last Revised: 04 Apr 2022
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 568 (93,999)

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de, facto, authority, international, law, interpretation, application, politics, national, transnational, legal, practices, IL, regime, complexes

13.

The Evolving International Judiciary

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The Evolving International Judiciary

Annual Review of Law & Social Science, Forthcoming, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 11-16, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 11-50, Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies Working Paper Series No. 11/002
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 08 Jun 2011 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 537 (99,483)
Citation 1

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International Courts & Tribunals, International Regime Complexity, Cold War, Historical Institutionalism

The Evolving International Judiciary

Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 7, pp. 387-415, 2011
Posted: 10 Jan 2012
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science

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14.

Theorizing the Judicialization of International Relations

iCourts Working Paper Series, International Studies Quarterly, Volume 63, Issue 3, September 2019, Pages 449–463
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 20 Nov 2018 Last Revised: 05 Sep 2019
Karen J. Alter, Emilie Marie Hafner-Burton and Laurence R. Helfer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, UCSD School of Global Policy and Strategy and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 527 (103,003)
Citation 4

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international courts, international relations, adjudication, delegation, judicialization, international arbitration, litigants, judges, backlash

15.

The Theory and Reality of the European Coal and Steel Community

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, S. Meunier and K. McNamara, eds., Oxford University Press, 2007, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 920716
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 27 Jul 2006
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 521 (104,378)
Citation 1

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16.

Mapping International Adjudicative Bodies, the Issues and Players

Romano C./Alter K./Shany Y., “Mapping International Courts and Tribunals, the Issues and Players”, in Romano C./Alter K./Shany Y. (eds.), The Oxford University Press Handbook of International Adjudication, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 3-26, Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2013-43
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 18 Dec 2013
Cesare P.R. Romano, Karen J. Alter and Yuval Shany
Loyola Law School Los Angeles, Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Faculty of Law and Institute of Criminology
Downloads 495 (111,184)
Citation 2

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17.

Nature or Nurture? Judicial Lawmaking in the European Court of Justice and the Andean Tribunal of Justice

International Organization, Vol. 64, No. 4, Fall 2010, Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Paper No. 258, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper Series No. 09-16
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 Jun 2009 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter and Laurence R. Helfer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 473 (117,337)
Citation 10

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Andean Community, Andean Tribunal, International Courts, International Tribunals, European Court of Justice, European Community, Regional Trade, Regional Integration, International Relations, Administrative State, Administrative Agencies, Judicial Politics, Preliminary References

18.

The Empire of International Law?

American Journal of International Law, 113 (1) 2019: 183-199. , iCourts Working Paper Series No. 137
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 20 Aug 2018 Last Revised: 14 Oct 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 439 (128,104)

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international, Law, colonial, multilateral, legal, order, trajectory, early, twentieth, century

19.

Nested and Overlapping Regimes in the Transatlantic Banana Trade Dispute

Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 05-22, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 362-382, 2006
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 11 Aug 2005
Karen J. Alter and Sophie Meunier
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Princeton University - Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
Downloads 434 (129,890)
Citation 2

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20.

Tipping the Balance: International Courts and the Construction of International and Domestic Politics

Cambridge Yearbook of International Studies, Forthcoming, Constructed Interests: The Process of Political Representation in the Global Age, Forthcoming , Northwestern University Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies Working Paper No. 10-003, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 11-40
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 30 Oct 2010 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 402 (141,868)

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International Courts, International Law, Judicial Behavior, European Union, Andean Integration, Latin American Integration

21.

Critical Junctures and The Future International Courts in a Post-Liberal World Order

Avidan Kent, Nikos Skoutaris & Jamie Trinidad (eds.), The Future of International Courts and Tribunals: Regional, Institutional and Procedural Challenges (Routledge, 2019, Forthcoming), iCourts Working Paper Series No. 140
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 04 Sep 2018 Last Revised: 26 Sep 2018
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 397 (143,939)
Citation 2

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Future of International Courts, IC, ICs, legitimacy, authority, legitimation, legality, international order, core legal issues, multilateralism, human rights, democracy, free trade, rule of law, critical juncture

22.

A New International Human Rights Court for West Africa: The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice

107 American Journal of International Law 737-779 (2013)
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 15 Jul 2012 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer and Jacqueline R McAllister
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Duke University School of Law and Kenyon College
Downloads 378 (151,986)
Citation 10

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international law, human rights, international courts, Africa, West Africa, ECOWAS, regional integration, civil society mobilization

23.

Transplanting the European Court of Justice: The Experience of the Andean Tribunal of Justice

American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 60(3), p.629 (2012), Oñati Socio-Legal Series, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2011
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 24 Oct 2011 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer and Osvaldo Saldías
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Duke University School of Law and Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet & Society
Downloads 364 (158,576)
Citation 9

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European community, Andean community, international courts and tribunals, European Court of Justice, Andean tribunal of justice, regional integration, legal transplants, neofunctionalist theory, ideational diffusion

24.

Delegation to International Courts and the Limits of Recontracting Political Power

DELEGATION AND AGENCY IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, Hawkins, Darren, Daniel Neilson, Michael J. Tierney, David A. Lake, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2006, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 05-14
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 03 Aug 2005
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 348 (166,472)

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International Courts, Principal-Agent Theory, Judicial Independence

25.

Gender and Status in American Political Science: Who Determines Whether a Scholar is Noteworthy?

Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 18-21, Forthcoming, Perspective on Politics
Number of pages: 81 Posted: 20 Aug 2018 Last Revised: 24 Oct 2019
Karen J. Alter, Jean Clipperton, Emily Schraudenbach and Laura Rozier
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, George Washington University and Independent
Downloads 342 (169,633)
Citation 3

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Gender and Politics, Gender and Status, International Relations, American Political Science

26.

Regional Dispute Settlement

Forthcoming in Karen J. Alter and Liesbet Hooghe “Regional Dispute Settlement Systems” in Tanja A. Börzel/Thomas Risse (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016: 538-558)., iCourts Working Paper Series, No 62
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 13 May 2016
Karen J. Alter and Liesbet Hooghe
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Political Science Department
Downloads 342 (169,633)
Citation 1

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regional integration, regionalism, international courts, international dispute settlement

27.

Islands of Effective International Adjudication: Constructing an Intellectual Property Rule of Law in the Andean Community

American Journal of International Law, Vol. 109, 2009, Vanderbilt Law and Economics Research Paper No. 08-53, Vanderbilt Public Law Research Paper No. 08-53, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 08-22, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 08-41
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 26 Nov 2008
Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter and Florencia Guerzovich
Duke University School of Law, Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Independent
Downloads 332 (175,173)
Citation 1

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Andean Community, Andean Tribunal, International Courts, International Tribunals, European Court of Justice, Intellectual Property, Trademarks, Patents, Pharmaceuticals, Regional Trade, Regional Integration, International Relations, Institutional Design, Administrative State, Administrative Agency

28.

Delegating to International Courts: Self-Binding vs. Other-Binding Delegation

Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 37-76, 2008
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 20 Jul 2007 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 332 (175,173)
Citation 3

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International Courts, Enforcement, Delegation, Dispute Resolution, International Law, International Administrative Law

29.

The Global Spread of European Style International Courts

Karen J. Alter (2012) The Global Spread of European Style International Courts, West European Politics, 35:1, 135-154, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 11-55, Northwestern University Roberta Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies Working Paper No. 11-003
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 19 Jun 2011 Last Revised: 21 Feb 2023
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 319 (182,679)
Citation 8

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International Courts and Tribunals, European Court of Justice, International Economic Disputes. Regional Integration

30.

International Court Authority (Introduction)

International Court Authority, Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780198795582, Forthcoming, iCourts Working Paper Series No. 112, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 17-33, Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2018-10
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 09 Jan 2018 Last Revised: 11 Dec 2020
Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer and Mikael Rask Madsen
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science, Duke University School of Law and University of Copenhagen - iCourts - Centre of Excellence for International Courts
Downloads 313 (186,344)

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International Law, Legal Authority, Interdisciplinary Research, Comparative Law, International Courts

31.

Legitimacy and Lawmaking: A Tale of Three International Courts

14 Theoretical Inquiries in Law 479 (2013)
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 30 Sep 2012 Last Revised: 31 Aug 2015
Laurence R. Helfer and Karen J. Alter
Duke University School of Law and Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 312 (186,975)

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32.

Chinese and Western Perspectives on the Rule of Law and their International Implications

Forthcoming in the Cambridge Handbook on China and International Law, Ignacio de la Rasilla and Cai Congyan eds. 2024, iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 283, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 22-13
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 15 Apr 2022 Last Revised: 16 Aug 2023
Karen J. Alter and Ji Li
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 304 (192,332)

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Rule of law, comparative politics, international law, international politics, discourses

33.

Jurist Advocacy Movements in Europe and the Andes

iCourts Working Paper Series No. 65
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 19 Sep 2008 Last Revised: 07 Nov 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 302 (193,677)
Citation 3

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34.

The Evolution of International Law and Courts

Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism, Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate, eds., Oxford University Press (Chapter 36, Forthcoming), To be reprinted in Orfeo Fioretos, ed., International Politics and Institutions in Time (Oxford University Press, 2016), iCourts Online Working Paper, No. 3, 2013
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 18 Oct 2013 Last Revised: 07 Nov 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 299 (195,684)

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35.

The Andean Tribunal of Justice and its Interlocutors: Understanding Preliminary Reference Patterns in the Andean Community

N.Y.U Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 41, p. 871, 2009, Vanderbilt Law and Economics Research Paper No. 09-06, Vanderbilt Public Law Research Paper No. 09-01, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 09-05, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 09-04
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 01 Feb 2009 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2015
Laurence R. Helfer and Karen J. Alter
Duke University School of Law and Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 278 (210,980)
Citation 7

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Andean Community, Andean Tribunal, International Courts, International Tribunals, European Court of Justice, European Union, European Community, Intellectual Property, Regional Trade, Regional Integration, International Relations, Administrative State, Administrative Agencies, Judicial Politics

36.

From Colonial to Multilateral International Law: A Global Capitalism and Law Investigation

iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 248 (2021), Forthcoming, An invited Forward to be published in I•Con, the International Journal of constitutional Law (volume 19, issue 3, 2021 ) , Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 21-06
Number of pages: 91 Posted: 24 May 2021 Last Revised: 15 Sep 2021
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 273 (214,988)
Citation 4

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International Law, TWAIL (Third World Approaches to International Law), history of international law, International Regime Complexity, Global economic law, international political economy

37.

Theorizing Backlash Politics

Forthcoming, British Journal of Politics and International Relations as part of a special issue on Backlash Politics in Comparison
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 13 Dec 2019 Last Revised: 20 Jan 2020
Karen J. Alter, Michael Zürn and Michael Zürn
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Freie Universität BerlinWZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 273 (214,988)
Citation 2

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backlash politics, populism, reactionary movements, international politics

38.

Conceptualizing Backlash Politics

Forthcoming in the British Journal of Politics and International Relations, as part of a special issue on Backlash Politics in Comparison, iCourts Working Paper Series No. 174
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 14 Nov 2019 Last Revised: 13 Jul 2020
Karen J. Alter, Michael Zürn and Michael Zürn
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Freie Universität BerlinWZB Berlin Social Science Center
Downloads 266 (220,611)
Citation 2

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39.

International Enforcement Courts

APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 01 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 223 (262,070)

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International Law, Human Rights, International Courts, Slavery, War Crimes, Intellectual Property

40.

The New International Courts

iCourts Working Paper Series No. 2
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 09 Oct 2015 Last Revised: 02 Apr 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 221 (264,291)

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41.

The Promise and Perils of Theorizing International Regime Complexity in an Evolving World

iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 261, Forthcoming, Review of International Organizations, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 21-09
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 28 Sep 2021 Last Revised: 03 Nov 2021
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 219 (266,520)

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Global governance, international institutions, international regime complexity, international relations

42.

Global Governance and the Problem of the Second Best: The Example of Reforming the World Trade Organization

Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 19-13
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 27 Feb 2020 Last Revised: 15 Sep 2021
Karen J. Alter and Cristina Lafont
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Northwestern University - Judd A. and Marjorie Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences
Downloads 204 (284,610)

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43.

National Perspectives on International Constitutional Review: Diverging Optics

Erin Delaney and Rosalind Dixon eds., Comparative Judicial Review, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. Chapter 13 (244-271). , iCourts Working Paper Series No. 92, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 17-11
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 13 Apr 2017 Last Revised: 04 Apr 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 203 (285,884)
Citation 3

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International constitutional review, international courts, legal authority, international law, national courts, constitutional law, comparative law

44.

Contracting v. MultilateralIsm in Global Economic Governance: Before, During and After the WTO

iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 205, 2020, Manfred Elsig, Rodrigo Polanco & Peter van den Bossche (eds) International Economic Dispute Settlement: Demise or Transformation? World Trade Forum Series, Cambridge University Press iCourts – The Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre of Excellence for International Courts, Forthcoming, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 20-13
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 26 Sep 2020 Last Revised: 15 Sep 2021
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 194 (297,968)

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global economic law, multilateral-ism, contracting, economic governance

45.

Private Litigants and the New International Courts

Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 22-49, 2006 , Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 05-18
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 05 Oct 2005
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 194 (297,968)
Citation 1

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46.

Legal Integration in the Andes: Law-Making by the Andean Tribunal of Justice

European Law Journal, Vol. 17, No. 5, p.701, 2011, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 11-06, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 11-38
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 10 Feb 2011 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter and Laurence R. Helfer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 191 (302,189)

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Andean Community, European Community, International Courts and Tribunals, Judicial Lawmaking, regional integration

47.

The Influence of the Andean Intellectual Property Regime on Access to Medicines in Latin America

BALANCING WEALTH AND HEALTH: GLOBAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND THE BATTLE OVER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ACCESS TO MEDICINES IN LATIN AMERICA , Rochelle Dreyfuss & César Rodríguez-Garavito, eds. (2013)
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 26 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Laurence R. Helfer and Karen J. Alter
Duke University School of Law and Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 190 (303,639)

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access to medicines, patents, pharmaceuticals, patented medicines, Andean Community, Andean Tribunal of Justice

48.

Visions of International Law: An Interdisciplinary Retrospective

iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 206, 2020
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 26 Sep 2020
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 188 (306,541)

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global order, multilateral-ism, international law, political science

49.

Comprehending Global Governance: International Regime Complexity v. Global Constitutionalism

iCourts Working Paper Series No. 167, Forthcoming in Global Constitutionalism
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 22 Aug 2019
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 188 (307,933)
Citation 1

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global governance, global constitutionalism, international law, fragmentation

50.

Global Governance in Time: Institutional Sequences, International Regime Complexes, and the Politics of Global Governance

Forthcoming in World Politics, April 2024, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 24-03
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 27 Nov 2023 Last Revised: 13 Feb 2024
Karen J. Alter and Stephen C. Nelson
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 167 (340,443)

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Global Governance, China, international regime complexity, historical institutionalism, institutional change

51.

World History and the Evolving International Judiciary

APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 16 Jul 2012 Last Revised: 01 Sep 2015
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 157 (358,708)

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International Law, International Courts, Human Rights, Trade, War Crimes

52.

Transplanting International Courts: The Law and Politics of the Andean Tribunal of Justice

Book published by Oxford University Press, this working paper includes the table of contents and introductory chapter of the book., iCourts Working Paper Series No. 73
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 30 Aug 2016 Last Revised: 09 Sep 2019
Karen J. Alter and Laurence R. Helfer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 145 (382,769)
Citation 3

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International Courts, Preliminary References, Andean Community, Andean, Tribunal of Justice, Regional Integration, European Court of Justice, Intellectual Property, Patented Medicines, Legal Transplants, Jurist Advocacy Networks

53.

How Corporations Gained Impunity under International Law

Forthcoming in the American Journal of International Law, iCourts Working Paper Series No 313, 2022, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 23-03
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 27 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 28 Mar 2023
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 133 (409,656)

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54.

Illustrations: A Reader's Guide

Romano C./Alter K./Sebregondi, F., “Illustrations: A Reader’s Guide”, The Oxford University Press Handbook of International Adjudication, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 27-39., Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2013-44
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 18 Dec 2013
Cesare P.R. Romano, Karen J. Alter and Francesco Sebregondi
Loyola Law School Los Angeles, Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Independent
Downloads 133 (409,656)

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55.

The High Water Mark of International Judicialization?

iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 250, In: By Peaceful Means. Edited by: Charles N Brower, Joan E Donoghue, Cian C Murphy, Cymie R Payne and Esmé R Shirlow, Oxford University Press. © Karen J Alter 2023. DOI: 10.1093/ oso/ 9780192848086.003.0028
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 03 Jun 2021 Last Revised: 16 Aug 2023
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 130 (416,898)

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International courts, Human Rights, nationalism, globalization, dejudicalization

56.

The Legalization of Global Economic Governance: Contracting or Multilateralism?

Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series No. 2023-52, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 23-62
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 11 Sep 2023 Last Revised: 07 Dec 2023
Karen J. Alter and Timothy Meyer
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Duke University School of Law
Downloads 121 (440,343)
Citation 1

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international agreements, international trade, international investment law, international tax, international institutions, treaties, international economic law

57.

The International Adjudication of Mega-Politics

Forthcoming in Law and Contemporary Problems, iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 270, Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 21-10, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 21-31
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 18 Nov 2021 Last Revised: 15 Mar 2022
Mikael Rask Madsen and Karen J. Alter
University of Copenhagen - iCourts - Centre of Excellence for International Courts and Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 113 (463,508)
Citation 2

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International Courts, International Politics Megapolitics, High Politics, Populism,

58.

Big Decisions in European Legal and Economic Integration: What Have We Learned?

Albertina Albors-Llorens, Catherine Barnard, Brigitte Leucht edsCassis de Dijon at 40 (Hart Publishing), Forthcoming, iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 204
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 28 Sep 2020
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 105 (488,927)

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Legal History, European Integration, Legal Integration, Economic Integration, Cassis De Dijon

59.

Beyond Backlash: The Consequences of Adjudicating Mega-politics

Forthcoming in Law and Contemporary Problems, iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 271, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 21-30
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 18 Nov 2021 Last Revised: 09 Dec 2021
Karen J. Alter and Mikael Rask Madsen
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and University of Copenhagen - iCourts - Centre of Excellence for International Courts
Downloads 89 (545,360)

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International Courts, International Politics Megapolitics, High Politics, Populism,

60.

Editors’ Preface and Table of Contents

Romano C./Alter K./Shany Y., “Editors’ Preface and Table of Contents” in Romano C./Alter K./Shany Y. (eds.), The Oxford University Press Handbook of International Adjudication, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. vii-xvii., Loyola-LA Legal Studies Paper No. 2013-42
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 18 Dec 2013
Cesare P.R. Romano, Karen J. Alter and Yuval Shany
Loyola Law School Los Angeles, Northwestern University - Department of Political Science and Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Faculty of Law and Institute of Criminology
Downloads 80 (581,595)
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61.

The Future of Embedded International Law: Democratic and Authoritarian Trajectories

Written for a symposium on Tom Ginsburg’s Book Democracies and International Law, Chicago Journal of International Law (2022), iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 284, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 22-12
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 15 Apr 2022 Last Revised: 19 Apr 2022
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 74 (607,518)
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International law, international politics, authoritarian regimes, compliance, democratic backsliding

62.

So Long as We are a Constitutional Democracy: The Solange Impulse in a Time of Anti-Globalism

iCourts Working Paper Series, no. 335, 2023, Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 23-63
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 03 Oct 2023 Last Revised: 07 Dec 2023
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 62 (666,604)

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European Integration Politics, European Law, Democratic politics, International Law, Constitutional Law, Constitutional Courts

63.

When and How to Legally Challenge Economic Globalization: A Comment on the German Constitutional Court's False Promise

Forthcoming in a special forum on the PSPP ruling in I•Con, the International Journal of Constitutional Law Vol 19 (1), iCourts Working Paper Series, No. 228
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 08 Mar 2021
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 51 (729,181)
Citation 2

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German Constitutional Court, globalization, legalism, EU law, Court of Justice of the European Union

64.

Reframing International Law: The China Strategy?

Northwestern Public Law Research Paper No. 24-21
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 16 May 2024
Karen J. Alter
Northwestern University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 31 (876,205)

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China and international law, international regime complexity, transnational legal orders, China and international order, global governance change, international economic law, legal field theory, Bourdie

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International Law, International Courts, International Dispute Resolution, WTO