Avishalom Tor

Notre Dame Law School

Professor of Law

P.O. Box 780

Notre Dame, IN 46556-0780

United States

  • Notre Dame Law School

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

39

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124

Scholarly Papers (39)

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1.

The Methodology of the Behavioral Analysis of Law

Haifa Law Review, Vol. 4, p. 237, 2008
Number of pages: 92 Posted: 12 Sep 2008 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2009
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 1,347 (25,037)
Citation 1

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behavioral, experimental, law and economics, rationality, choice, judgment, decision making, debiasing, paternalism

2.

Fairness and the Willingness to Accept Plea Bargain Offers

Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 97-116, March 2010, CELS 2009 4th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies Paper
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 06 May 2009 Last Revised: 07 Feb 2012
Avishalom Tor, Oren Gazal-Ayal and Stephen M. Garcia
Notre Dame Law School, University of Haifa - Faculty of Law and University of Michigan
Downloads 1,007 (38,093)
Citation 1

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Fairness, Decision Making, Judgment, Experimental, Behavioral, self-serving bias, risk, prospect theory, law, criminal procedure, plea bargaining

3.

The N-Effect: More Competitors, Less Competition

Downloads 889 (45,333)
Citation 15

The N-Effect: More Competitors, Less Competition

Psychological Science, Vol. 20, pp. 871-877, 2009
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 25 Nov 2008 Last Revised: 21 Jul 2009
Stephen M. Garcia and Avishalom Tor
University of Michigan and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 809 (50,885)

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Social comparison, competition, motivation, behavioral economics

The N-Effect: More Competitors, Less Competition

Psychological Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 06 May 2009
Stephen M. Garcia and Avishalom Tor
University of Michigan and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 80 (509,086)
Citation 2

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Social Comparison, Competition, Motivation

4.

Behavioral Antitrust: A New Approach to the Rule of Reason after Leegin

University of Haifa Faculty of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series
Number of pages: 69 Posted: 17 Dec 2009 Last Revised: 20 Feb 2010
Avishalom Tor and William J. Rinner
Notre Dame Law School and Yale University - Law School
Downloads 691 (63,641)
Citation 7

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Vertical Restraints, Resale Price Maintenance, RPM, Bounded Rationality, Behavioral Law and Economics, Heuristics and Biases, Judgment and Decision Making, Market Discipline

5.

The Psychology of Competition: A Social Comparison Perspective

Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 634-650 (2013), Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1459
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 27 Jun 2013 Last Revised: 08 Jan 2014
Stephen M. Garcia, Avishalom Tor and Tyrone Schiff
University of Michigan, Notre Dame Law School and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
Downloads 689 (63,877)
Citation 7

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social comparison, competition, competitive behavior, cooperation

6.

A Behavioural Approach to Antitrust Law and Economics

Consumer Policy Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2004
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 06 Jun 2006 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2009
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 603 (75,662)
Citation 2

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antitrust law, competitive markets, economics, behavioural approach, law

7.

Understanding Behavioral Antitrust

Texas Law Review, Vol. 92, 2013, Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1446
Number of pages: 90 Posted: 15 Jul 2013 Last Revised: 23 Aug 2013
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 531 (88,677)
Citation 7

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competition, rationality, behavioral law and economics

8.

Overcoming Impediments to Information Sharing

Harvard Law and Economics Discussion Paper No. 427
Number of pages: 67 Posted: 19 Aug 2003 Last Revised: 27 Oct 2010
Amitai Aviram and Avishalom Tor
University of Illinois College of Law and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 530 (88,889)
Citation 9

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9.

Ranks and Rivals: A Theory of Competition

Ross School of Business Paper No. 1030, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 32, pp. 970-982, 2006
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 10 Feb 2006
Stephen M. Garcia, Avishalom Tor and Richard Gonzalez
University of Michigan, Notre Dame Law School and Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan
Downloads 467 (103,626)
Citation 4

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Competition, Social Comparison, Decision Making, Social Capital, Behavioral, Economics

10.

Information Sharing in Critical Infrastructure Industries: Understanding the Behavioral and Economic Impediments

George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 03-30; FSU College of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 103
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 22 Aug 2003
Amitai Aviram and Avishalom Tor
University of Illinois College of Law and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 452 (107,690)

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Information sharing, information exchange, antitrust, cooperation, collective action, degradation, norms, rivalry, risk, loss aversion, omission bias

11.

If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them: Richard Posner and Behavioral Law and Economics

History of Economic Ideas
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 08 May 2023
Doron Teichman, Avishalom Tor and Eyal Zamir
Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Faculty of Law, Notre Dame Law School and Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Faculty of Law
Downloads 449 (108,527)

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Richard Posner, Law and Economics, Behavioral Law and Economics, Economic Rationality, Judgement and Decision-making

12.

The Innocence Effect

Duke Law Journal, Vol. 62
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 06 Jul 2011 Last Revised: 25 Mar 2019
Oren Gazal-Ayal and Avishalom Tor
University of Haifa - Faculty of Law and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 426 (115,442)
Citation 5

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Plea Bargaining, Wrongful Convictions, Innocence Effect

13.

The Market, the Firm, and Behavioral Antitrust

Oxford Handbook on Behavioral Economics and the Law (2013), Forthcoming, Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1447
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 15 Jul 2013 Last Revised: 23 Aug 2013
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 367 (136,901)

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law and economics, behavioral antitrust, markets

14.

The Next Generation of Behavioural Law and Economics

European Perspectives on Behavioural Law and Economics 17 (Klaus Mathis Ed. 2015), Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1510
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 10 Apr 2015 Last Revised: 01 May 2015
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 356 (141,542)
Citation 1

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Behavioral law and economics, rationality

15.

Focusing Failures in Competitive Environments: Explaining Decision Errors in the Monty Hall Game, the Acquiring a Company Problem, and Multi-Party Ultimatums

16 Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 353-374 (2003), Harvard PON Working Paper No. 02-15, Harvard NOM Working Paper No. 02-15; , Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 02-080
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 17 Aug 2003 Last Revised: 14 Mar 2015
Avishalom Tor and Max H. Bazerman
Notre Dame Law School and Harvard Business School - Negotiations, Organizations and Markets Unit
Downloads 349 (144,639)
Citation 1

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perspective taking, rules of the game, focusing, bounded rationality, Monty Hall, Acquiring a Company, ultimatums

16.

The Critical and Problematic Role of Bounded Rationality in Nudging

Nudging - Possibilities, Limitations and Applications in European Law and Economics 3 (K. Mathis & A. Tor eds., 2016)
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 27 Jun 2016
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 348 (145,117)

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17.

Should Antitrust Survive Behavioral Economics?

Forthcoming in CPI Antitrust Chronicle, Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1919
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 11 Feb 2019
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 334 (151,586)

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Behavioral Antitrust, Behavioral Law and Economics, Efficiency, Welfare, Rationality, Judgment, Choice

18.

Profit Maximization Versus Disadvantageous Inequality: The Impact of Self-Categorization

Number of pages: 29 Posted: 16 Feb 2005
Stephen M. Garcia, Avishalom Tor, Max H. Bazerman and Dale T. Miller
University of Michigan, Notre Dame Law School, Harvard Business School - Negotiations, Organizations and Markets Unit and Stanford Graduate School of Business
Downloads 320 (159,231)

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Preference Reversals, Decision Making, Social Categories

19.

The Fable of Entry: Bounded Rationality, Market Discipline, and Legal Policy

Michigan Law Review, Vol. 101, p. 482, 2002
Number of pages: 87 Posted: 22 Dec 2006 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2009
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 309 (164,652)
Citation 1

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Entry, Competition, Bounded Rationality, Behavioral Law and Economics

20.

Uniltaeral, Anticompetitive Acquisitions of Dominance or Monopoly Power

Antitrust Law Journal, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 05 Jan 2010 Last Revised: 19 Jan 2010
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 278 (183,811)
Citation 1

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Unilateral conduct, Competition, Antitrust, Monopolization, Single-firm conduct

21.

Justifying Competition Law in the Face of Consumers' Bounded Rationality

In Klaus Mathis and Avishalom Tor (Eds.), New Developments in Competition Law and Economics, Springer: United Kingdom., Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1918
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 19 Dec 2018 Last Revised: 15 Jan 2019
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 270 (189,293)

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Antitrust, Behavioral Antitrust, Behavioral Law and Economics, Rationality, Judgment, Choice, Decision Making

22.

Justifying Antitrust: Prediction, Efficiency, and Welfare

Number of pages: 77 Posted: 11 Feb 2016
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 217 (234,178)
Citation 1

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23.

Some Challenges Facing a Behaviorally-Informed Approach to the Directive on Unfair Commercial Practices

Unfair Commercial Practices: The Long Road to Harmonized Law Enforcement 9-18 (Tihamer Toth ed. 2013), Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 1509
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 16 Mar 2015 Last Revised: 01 May 2015
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 196 (257,060)

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24.

On Contractual Defaults and Experimental Law and Economics

Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 163
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 22 Dec 2006 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2009
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 191 (263,138)

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experimental law and economics, behavioral law and economics, institutions

25.

Social Comparison Before, During, and After the Competition

In J. Suls, R. Collins & L. Wheeler (Eds), Social Comparison, Judgment and Behavior, Oxford University Press (Forthcoming).
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 19 Dec 2018
Stephen M. Garcia, Zachary A. Reese and Avishalom Tor
University of Michigan, University of Michigan and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 185 (270,819)
Citation 1

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competition, rivalry, decision making, social comparison, entry decisions

26.

Incentives to Create Under a 'Lifetime-Plus-Years' Copyright Duration: Lessons from a Behavioral Economic Analysis for Eldred V. Ashcroft

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, Vol. 36, p. 437, 2002
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 11 Sep 2008 Last Revised: 27 Aug 2009
Avishalom Tor and Dotan Oliar
Notre Dame Law School and University of Virginia School of Law
Downloads 185 (270,819)

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copyright, constitutional law, duration, behavioral law and economics

27.

Expansion and Contraction in Monopolization Law

Antitrust Law Journal , Vol. 76, No. 3, p. 653, 2010
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 27 Jun 2010
Michal Gal, Avishalom Tor and Spencer Weber Waller
University of Haifa - Faculty of Law, Notre Dame Law School and Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Downloads 176 (282,893)

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Antitrust, Competition Law, Dominant Firm, Monopoly, Monopolization, Attempted Monopolization, Abuse of Dominance, European Union, Multinational Firms, Multinational Corporations

28.

The Law and Economics of Behavioral Regulation

18 REVIEW OF LAW AND ECONOMICS (Forthcoming 2022)
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 19 Apr 2022
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 162 (303,544)

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Behaviral Law and Economics, Nudging, Rationality, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

29.

When Should Governments Invest More in Nudging? Revisiting Benartzi et al. (2017)

Review of Law and Economics (Forthcoming), U of Penn, Inst for Law & Econ Research Paper No. 22-36
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 19 Aug 2022 Last Revised: 10 Oct 2022
Avishalom Tor and Jonathan Klick
Notre Dame Law School and University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School
Downloads 160 (306,733)
Citation 2

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Behavioral regulation, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis

30.

Rankings, Standards, and Competition: Task vs. Scale Comparisons

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 102, pp. 95-108, 2007
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 11 Jan 2007 Last Revised: 11 Jan 2009
Stephen M. Garcia and Avishalom Tor
University of Michigan and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 156 (313,328)
Citation 2

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Decision Making, Choice Behavior, Social Comparison

31.

Illustrating a Behaviorally Informed Approach to Antitrust Law: The Case of Predatory Pricing

Antitrust, Vol. 18, p. 52, 2003
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 11 Jan 2011
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 153 (320,343)

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Behavioral Law and Economics, Rationality, Decision Making, Behavioral Antitrust

32.

The Private Costs of Behavioral Interventions

Duke Law Journal, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 19 Apr 2022
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 147 (329,086)

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Behaviral Law and Economics, Behavioral Regulation, Nudging, Rationality, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

33.

The N-Effect: Beyond Winning Probabilities

Psychological Science, Forthcoming
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 10 Nov 2009 Last Revised: 05 Jan 2010
Avishalom Tor and Stephen M. Garcia
Notre Dame Law School and University of Michigan
Downloads 146 (330,898)

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Motivation, Competition, Judgement, Social Comparison

34.

Boundedly Rational Entrepreneurs and Antitrust

Antitrust Bulletin, Vol. 62, 2017, 520
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 25 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 06 May 2018
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 125 (373,004)
Citation 1

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35.

Nudges That Should Fail?

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 18 Dec 2018
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 119 (386,808)
Citation 1

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behavioral law and economics, behavioral public policy, rationality, welfare, judgment, decision making

36.

Behavioral Lessons for Antitrust Enforcement

Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper No. 200828
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 01 Sep 2020
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 115 (396,481)

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Department of Justice Antitrust Lecture Series, antitrust law, behavioral antitrust

37.

השפעת חפות על הסדרי טיעון: ממצאים אמפיריים, תובנות פסיכולוגיות והשלכות נורמטיביות The Impact of Innocence on Plea Bargaining: Empirical Findings, Psychological Insights, and Normative Implications

משפטים לח (3) (2009) 627-652
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 19 Mar 2014 Last Revised: 28 Mar 2019
Oren Gazal-Ayal and Avishalom Tor
University of Haifa - Faculty of Law and Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 100 (438,043)

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38.

The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations Across Social Categories

Harvard PON Working Paper No. 1442078
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 31 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 29 Sep 2011
Stephen M. Garcia, Max H. Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor and Dale T. Miller
University of Michigan, Harvard Business School - Negotiations, Organizations and Markets Unit, University of Michigan, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, Notre Dame Law School and Stanford Graduate School of Business
Downloads 100 (438,043)

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Profit Maximization, Choice, Decision Making, Social Categories, Transaction Utility, Ethical Dilemmas

39.

The Target Opportunity Costs of Successful Nudges

CONSUMER LAW AND ECONOMICS 3 (KLAUS MATHIS & AVISHALOM TOR EDS., 2021), Springer: Nature.
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 19 Apr 2022 Last Revised: 26 Apr 2022
Avishalom Tor
Notre Dame Law School
Downloads 44 (674,553)

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Behaviral Law and Economics, Behavioral Regulation, Regulation, Rationality, Cost-Benefit Analysis