University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Global Health, Tongji University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Government of the People's Republic of China - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji University - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of London - Faculty of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience - Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, University of London - Faculty of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience - Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College Hospital, Department of Neurosciences, Tongji University - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji University - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jianghan University - Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Edinburgh - Queen’s Medical Research Institute - Centre for Inflammation Research, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology - School of Computer and Software, Tongji University - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and University of Edinburgh - Advanced Care Research Centre