Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England - Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Independent, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England - Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England Colindale and University of Oxford - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance

University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Imperial College London - MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, University of Oxford - Department of Computer Science, Public Health England Colindale, Imperial College London - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Modelling and Health Economics, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Imperial College London - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Modelling and Health Economics, Public Health England - National Infection Service, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Imperial College London - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Modelling and Health Economics, Public Health England - National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Imperial College London - MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit and Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England

Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Public Health England - Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Unit, Imperial College London, Imperial College London - London BiofoundryImperial College London - Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Public Health England Colindale, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England Colindale, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, Imperial College London, Imperial College London - London Biofoundry, Imperial College London - Section of Virology, University of Manchester - Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health England - Virus Reference Department, Imperial College London - MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Imperial College London

UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England, Public Health England, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Public Health England, Public Health England - National Infection Service, Government of the United Kingdom, Department of Health and Social Care, National Infection Service, Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance (HCAI & AMR) Division, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England - National Infection Service, Public Health England - National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency - COVID-19 National Epidemiology Cell, Public Health England - National Infection Service, Imperial College London, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health England, Imperial College London - MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, University of Oxford - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England and Public Health England Colindale

Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England - Virus Reference Department, Public Health England - Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England Colindale, Independent, Public Health England Colindale, Public Health England Colindale and University of Oxford - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance