University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Siena - Institute of Global Health, University of the Witwatersrand - Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Federal University of Sao Paulo, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand - Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine - Department of Clinical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit, University of Sheffield - Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Oxford - Jenner Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, Wits Reproductive Health & HIV Institute (WRHI), University of Southampton - NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Liverpool - School of Tropical Medicine, University of Bristol - Bristol Vaccine Centre, St George’s University London - St George’s Vaccine Institute, University College London - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Clinical BioManufacturing Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine - Department of Clinical Sciences, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand - South African Medical Research Council, University Hospitals Bristol - University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Braziland Hospital São Rafael - Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, London Northwest University Healthcare, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Setshaba Research Centre, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Hospital Quinta D'OR, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, University of Glasgow - College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Western General Hospital - Clinical Infection Research Group, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, Royal Papworth HospitalUniversity of Cambridge - Heart and Lung Research Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, AstraZeneca Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Anuerin Bevan University Health Board, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group and Independent

University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Big Data Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Cambridge - Department of Medicine, University of Oxford - Big Data Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, Public Health England - National Infection Service, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine - Department of Clinical Sciences, UK Biocentre, University of Sheffield - Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Jenner Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Southampton - NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool - School of Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Bristol - Bristol Vaccine Centre, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Jenner Institute, St George’s University London - St George’s Vaccine Institute, University College London - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Clinical BioManufacturing Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Public Health England - National Infection Service, University of London - Institute of Infection and Immunity, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine - Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol - University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Genomics England, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, London Northwest University Healthcare, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Glasgow - College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Western General Hospital - Clinical Infection Research Group, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Royal Papworth HospitalUniversity of Cambridge - Heart and Lung Research Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, AstraZeneca Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Anuerin Bevan University Health Board, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Independent and Independent

King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Zoe Global Limited, Zoe Global Limited, Zoe Global Limited, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University College London, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital - Center for Genomic Medicine, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London - Division of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, University College London - Department of Infection, Harvard University - Harvard Medical School, Zoe Global Limited, King’s College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London - School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences and King's College London - Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology

University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University College London - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infection, Imperial College London - Department of Infectious Disease, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford - Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, Imperial College London - Section of Virology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Harrison Wing, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute and Independent

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Government of the United Kingdom - University College London Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dept Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Infection Research Group, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Government of the United Kingdom - University College London Hospital, University Hospital Lewisham, Dept of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Infection Research Group, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London - Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Guys and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Infection Research Group, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London - Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Research Group, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London - Department of Infection and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine - Department of Clinical Research

Medical University of Graz - Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical University of Graz, affiliation not provided to SSRN, St. George’s University of London - Institute of Infection & Immunity, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Carlos III Health Institute, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Karolinska Institutet, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Manchester - Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, KU Leuven - Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Bursa Uludag University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Karolinska Institutet - Karolinska University Hospital, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Strasbourg - Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Paris - Lariboisiere Hospital, VU University Amsterdam - Department of Hematology, Université de Tours - CHU de Tours, Comenius University in Bratislava, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, La Paz University Hospital, Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Università degli Studi di Genova, University College London - Department of Infection, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Medical University of Innsbruck - Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, Medical University of Graz, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, University of Cologne - Faculty of Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Aristotle University and Hippokration General Hospital - Infectious Diseases Unit, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Marmara University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Akdeniz University, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV - Department of Nephrology and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board - Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, Medical University of Vienna - Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Milan, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Cologne - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Independent