Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA) - Laboratory of Health Economics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Clinic of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Internal Medicine №1, Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Pisa - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg - Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, University of Leipzig - Pediatric Epidemiology, Universidad de la Sabana, University of Amsterdam - Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - World-Class Research Center, Government of the Russian Federation - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, ZA Bashlyaeva Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital, Government of the Russian Federation - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RSMU), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University - Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, University of Liverpool - Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Imperial College London - Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, University of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University - Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Research Group, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RSMU), Imperial College London and affiliation not provided to SSRN

University of Edinburgh - Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Liverpool - NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Sheffield - Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh - Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Oxford - ISARIC Global Support Centre, University of Liverpool - Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Public Health England - Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Unit, University of Nottingham - Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London - National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), University of Edinburgh - Roslin Institute, University of Liverpool - Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Glasgow - Medical Research Council (MRC) and Independent

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza, Stellenbosch University - Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand - Faculty of Health Sciences, National Department of Health - Drug Resistant TB Directorate, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Oxford - ISARIC Global Support Centre and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases

University of Oxford - Epidemic Research Group, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) and University of Oxford - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute For Communicable Diseases Of South Africa - Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza, Stellenbosch University - Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand - Faculty of Health Sciences, National Department of Health - Drug Resistant TB Directorate, University of Oxford - International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), University of Oxford - ISARIC Global Support Centre and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis