Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital - Department of Intensive Care, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University - Department of Cardiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona - Department of Medecine, Geneva University Hospitals - Department of Acute Medicine, University of Bern - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Hadassah University Medical Center - Department of Medical Intensive Care, Hadassah University Medical Center - Department of Medical Intensive Care, Jagiellonian University - Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University - Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin - 2nd Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Innsbruck - Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, General Hospital of Larissa - Intensive Care Unit, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) - Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Universidade de São José, St. George's University - General Intensive Care, Sorbonne University - Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Utrecht University - Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Independent, Haukeland University Hospital - Department of Clinical Medicine and Independent

University of Oxford, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, St. George’s University of London - Institute of Infection & Immunity, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, St. George's University - Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, St. George's University - General Intensive Care, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Medicine, St George's, University of London, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Kent - Viral Pseudotype Unit, Meso-­‐Scale Diagnostics, University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust - Intensive Care Medicine, Independent, Independent, University of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford - The Jenner Institute, University of Edinburgh - Roslin Institute, University of Liverpool - Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Imperial College London - National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Independent, Tel Aviv University, Leidos Inc., University of Oxford - Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford - Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford - Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mahidol University - Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford - Department of Zoology, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, St. George’s University of London - Institute of Infection & Immunity, University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford - Department of Zoology and University of Oxford - Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research