University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University - Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), Vanderbilt University - Division of Infectious Diseases, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, University of the Witwatersrand - Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit (RHRU), affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Cape Town - Division of Chemical Pathology, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit and affiliation not provided to SSRN

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Influenza Division, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, University of the Witwatersrand, Epicentre Health Research, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Ampath Pathology and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis

University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, South African Medical Research Council - Biostatistics Unit, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University - Department of Intensive Care, University of the Witwatersrand - Department of Internal Medicine, Walter Sisulu University - Department of Medicine, Walter Sisulu University - Head of Pulmonology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Don Makenzie Hospital, Harry Comay Hospital, Harry Comay Hospital, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town (UCT) - University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Brooklyn Chest Hospital, Stellenbosch University - Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, National Department of Health - Drug Resistant TB Directorate, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Stellenbosch University - Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics and University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Influenza Division, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, South African Medical Research Council - Health Systems Research Unit, North-West University - Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University - Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza and Independent