British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Boston University - Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Brown University - Department of Epidemiology, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy and Brandeis University - The Heller School for Social Policy and ManagementCOBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital