University of NottinghamTohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences, Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency - Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, University of Nottingham - Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Exeter - Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Texas Tech University - Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Exeter - Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham - Medical Research Council (MRC) Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Tohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences