University of Cape Town (UCT) - Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu- Natal, Independent, Independent, South African Medical Research Council - Biostatistics Research Unit, Independent, Independent, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - Clinical HIV Research Unit, Western Cape Government - Health Intelligence, South African Medical Research Council, Independent, Western Cape Government - Health Intelligence, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, Discovery Health - Strategic Risk Management and Data Science Unit, Medscheme, Independent, Independent, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal - School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Independent, South African Government - National Department of Health, Independent, South African Medical Research Council - Burden of Disease Research Unit, Independent, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), University of Cape Town, University of the Witwatersrand, Independent, University of Cape Town (UCT), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Independent, University of the Witwatersrand, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and South African Medical Research Council

Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University - School of Public Health, Government of the United States of America - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), affiliation not provided to SSRN, World Health Organization (WHO) - Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), Boston University - Department of Global Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital - Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Yale University - Institute for Global Health, University of Colorado at Denver - Department of Pediatrics, University of Edinburgh - College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, National Center for Communicable Diseases, University of Barcelona - Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Hospices Civils de Lyon - Laboratoire de Virologie, NCDC, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Murdoch Children's Research Institute - Infection and Immunity, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Epidemiology, University of Turku - Department of Pediatrics, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease (NCBID) - Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Perth Children’s Hospital - Telethon Kids Institute, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Hospital de Santa Maria, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Nagasaki University - Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Edinburgh - College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine and affiliation not provided to SSRN

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Influenza Division, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, Genesis Analytics, University of the Witwatersrand, Epicentre Health Research, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand - Perinatal HIV Research Unit, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Ampath Pathology and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis

National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Government of the United States of America - Division of Influenza, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Institute For Communicable Diseases Of South Africa - Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), National Institute For Communicable Diseases Of South Africa - Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis

University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of Essex - School of Life Science, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of Freiburg - Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Center, University of Birmingham - School of Biosciences, Africa Health Research Institute, National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Africa Health Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - ImmunoX Initiative and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) - Department of Anatomy