Independent
15-keto-PGE2 is an endogenous PPARg ligands through covalent binding to the cysteine 285 residue, 15-keto-PGE2 level is reduced in insulin-resistant and obese subjects, Direct administration of 15-keto-PGE2 markedly improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, Either genetic or chemical inhibition of PTGR2, an enzyme degrading 15-keto-PGE2, improve insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and prevent diet-induced obesity in mice