Bernard M. Levinson

University of Minnesota

Berman Family Chair of Jewish Studies & Hebrew Bible, Professor of Classical & Near Eastern Studies and of Law

245 Nicholson Hall

216 Pillsbury Dr., SE

Minneapolis, MN 55455-0229

United States

http://levinson.umn.edu/

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SCHOLARLY PAPERS

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Scholarly Papers (32)

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1.

The First Constitution: Rethinking the Origins of Rule of Law and Separation of Powers in Light of Deuteronomy

Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1853–1888, 2006
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 10 May 2011 Last Revised: 16 Dec 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 382 (84,980)
Citation 1

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Constitutional theory, rule of law, separation of powers, originalist theory, Deut 16:18-18:22, Laws of public officials, Law of the king, Deut 17:14-20, Verfassungstheorie, constitutional interpretation, Sophocles Antigone, Herodotus, Mishnah, First Amendment, living constitution

2.

Reading the Bible in Nazi Germany: Gerhard Von Rad’s Attempt to Reclaim the Old Testament for the Church

Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology, Vol. 62, pp. 238-254, 2008
Number of pages: 17 Posted: 25 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 272 (122,842)

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Old Testament Theology, Jewish Studies, University of Jena, Gerhard von Rad, Walter Grundmann, Susannah Heschel, Deuteronomy, Deuteronomium, German-Jewish, history, Holocaust, modern German history, Karl Astel

3.

Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty as the Source for the Canon Formula in Deuteronomy 13:1

Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 130, No. 3, pp. 337-347, 2010
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 28 Jul 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 239 (140,209)

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Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, Adê, apostasy series, canon formula, Neo-Assyrian literature, form - criticism, loyalty oath, Deuteronomy, literary history, reworking. Kanonformel, neuassyrische, Assurbanipal, Ashurbanipal, Die Assyrer in Palästina, Deut 13, Dtn 13, VTE, Deut 28, Dtn 28

4.

Between the Covenant Code and Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty: Deuteronomy 13 and the Composition of Deuteronomy

Journal of Ancient Judaism 3 (2012): 123-140
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 04 Oct 2013
Bernard M. Levinson and Jeffrey Stackert
University of Minnesota and University of Chicago
Downloads 198 (167,624)

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Tel Tayinat, EST, VTE, Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, canon formula, CTH 133, Joshua Berman, Covenant Code, Hittite treaty, biblical law, Deuteronomy, succession, Assurbanipal, Deut 28, Dtn 28, Deut 13, Dtn 13, Pentateuch, law and narrative

5.

The Manumission of Hermeneutics: The Slave Laws of the Pentateuch as a Challenge to Contemporary Pentateuchal Theory

CONGRESS VOLUME LEIDEN 2004, pp. 281-324, André Lemaire, ed., 2006
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 25 May 2011 Last Revised: 07 Jun 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 153 (209,967)

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Rewritten Bible, Manumission Laws, Holiness Code, Leviticus 25, Covenant Code, Deuteronomy, Exodus 21, Deuteronomy 15, Jeremiah 34, Source Criticism, Pentateuchal Theory, Intertextuality in Bible, Sabbatical Year, Jubilee Legislation, Abrogation, Lemmatize Exegesis, Pentateuchal Theory

6.

The King James Bible at 400: Scripture, Statecraft, and the American Founding

The History Channel Magazine, pp. 1-11, November 2010
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 24 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson and Joshua A. Berman
University of Minnesota and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 143 (221,860)

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Authorized Version, King James Version, American Founding, Bible and political thought, religion and the founding, founders, Bible and intellectual history, Spinoza, Bible and constitution, Bible and democracy

7.

The Development of the Jewish Bible: Critical Reflections Upon the Concept of a 'Jewish Bible' and on the Idea of Its 'Development'

What is Bible? Edited by Karin Finsterbusch and Armin Lange, pp. 377-392, Peeters Publishers, 2012
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 28 Dec 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 128 (242,145)

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Biblical Studies, Hebrew Bible, Reception History, Old Testament, New Testament, biblical exegesis, biblical literature, biblical canon, Dead Sea Scrolls, Second Temple Studies, Second Temple Judaism, Israelite Religion, Textual Criticism, Samaritan Pentateuch, biblical interpretation

8.

'The Right Chorale': Studies in Biblical Law and Interpretation

FORSCHUNGEN ZUM ALTEN TESTAMENT 54, Mohr Siebeck, 2008
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 26 May 2011 Last Revised: 31 Jul 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 119 (255,776)

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Intellectual History, Hermeneutics, Law, Assyriology, Comparative Law, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament (in Theology/Biblical Studies), Biblical Studies, Constitutional Theory, Old Testament, Textual Criticism, Deuteronomy, Deuteronomistic History, Book of Deuteronomy, Jewish Studies

9.

The Bible's Break with Ancient Political Thought to Promote Equality - 'It Ain’t Necessarily So'

The Journal of Theological Studies, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 685-694, 2010
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 11 May 2011 Last Revised: 20 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 106 (277,535)

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Law, Intellectual History, Hermeneutics, Hebrew Bible, Constitutional Theory, Literary Approaches to Biblical Studies, Biblical Law, Deuteronomy, Pentateuchal Theory, Ancient Legal Systems, Biblical Studies, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Ancient social & political philosophy

10.

Legal Revision and Religious Renewal in Ancient Israel

LEGAL REVISION AND RELIGIOUS RENEWAL IN ANCIENT ISRAEL, Cambridge University Press, 2008
Number of pages: 3 Posted: 26 May 2011 Last Revised: 26 Aug 2015
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 98 (292,643)

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Decalogue, Divine Justice, Canon, Intertextuality, Allusion, Immanuel Kant, Inner-Biblical Exegesis, Relecture, Fortschreibung, Kanon, Textuality, Literary Theory, Hammurabi, Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, Scribal Curriculum, Ruth, Authorship, Ezekiel 18, Hittite Laws, Lamentations 5:7

11.

‘You Must Not Add Anything to What I Command You:' Paradoxes of Canon and Authorship in Ancient Israel

Numen: International Review for the History of Religions, Vol. 50, pp. 1-51, 2003
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 18 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 20 Jun 2013
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 88 (313,405)

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Bible, Old Testament, Jewish Law, transgenerational punishment, inner-biblical exegesis, cuneiform law, legal innovation, literary innovation, Revelation at Sinai, Hebrew Bible, Biblical criticism, canon law, Biblical canon, literary history, literary criticism, Biblical studies, Biblical law

12.

The Neo-Assyrian Origins of the Canon Formula in Deuteronomy 13:1

SCRIPTURAL EXEGESIS: THE SHAPES OF CULTURE AND THE RELIGIONS IMAGINATION - ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF MICHAEL FISHBANE, pp. 25-45, Deborah A. Green, Laura Lieber, eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 23 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 88 (313,405)

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Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, apostasy series, canon formula, Neo-Assyrian literature, form-criticism, loyalty oath, Deuteronomy, literary history, Kanonformel, neuassyrische, Assurbanipal, Ashurbanipal

13.

Review of Jo Ann Hackett, A Basic Introduction to Biblical Hebrew

Review of Biblical Literature, January 2011
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 23 May 2011 Last Revised: 26 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 87 (315,631)

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Biblical Hebrew, language pedagogy, textbook, verb paradigm, classroom instruction teachniques, weak verb, inflection, syntax, grammar, perfect, imperfect, terminology, converted imperfect, prefix form, suffix form, consecutive preterite, pedagogy of the verb, ve-qatal, volitive forms

14.

The Reconceptualization of Kingship in Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomistic Historys Transformation of Torah

Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 51, pp. 511-34, 2001
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 24 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 83 (324,877)

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Law of King, Kingship, Deuteronomy, Deuteronomistic History, Ämtergesetze, constitutional theory, democracy, Ezekiel 37, democratic kingship, Greek ideology of kingship, constitutional monarchy, Elyon, Psalm 1, royal psalms, Laws of Public Officials

15.

Goethe's Analysis of Exodus 34 and its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: The Pfropfung of the Documentary Hypothesis

Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, Vol. 114, pp. 212-223, 2002
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 25 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 81 (329,759)

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Julius Wellhausen, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Baruch Spinoza, Zwo Bisher Unerörterte Biblische Fragen, Dekalog, Decalolgue, Cultic Decalog, Ethical Decalog, German Jewish History, Christian Jewish Relations, Ten Commandments, History of Biblical Scholarship, Exod 34:11-26, German Romanticism

16.

The Birth of the Lemma: The Restrictive Interpretation of the Covenant Code's Manumission Law by the Holiness Code (Lev 25:44-46)

Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 124, pp. 617-639, 2005
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 25 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 73 (349,993)

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Holiness Code, Covenant Code, Leviticus 25, Abrogation, Lemmatiz Exegesis, Pentateuchal Theory, Source Criticism, Inner-Biblical Exegesis, Manumission Laws, Slave Laws of the Pentateuch, Exodus 21, Septuagint, Textual-Criticism, Translation Theory, Biblical Manumission Laws, Slave Laws Bible

17.

A More Perfect Torah: At the Intersection of Philology and Hermeneutics in Deuteronomy and the Temple Scroll

Critical Studies in the Hebrew Bible, Vol. 1., Winona Lake, In: Eisenbrauns, 2013
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 21 Jun 2013 Last Revised: 02 Nov 2019
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 61 (384,709)

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Torah, Temple Scroll, hermeneutics, linguistics, textual authority, Dead Sea Scrolls, Deuteronomy, Qoheleth, reception history, Ecclesiastes, biblical studies, biblical law, Qumran, rabbinic literature, revelation, ancient scribes, exegesis, composition history

18.

Die Neuassyrischen Ursprünge Der Kanonformel in Deuteronomium 13,1 (The Origins of the Neo-Assyrian Canon Formula in Deuteronomy 13:1)

Pages 23–59 in Viele Wege zu dem Einen: Historische Bibelkritik - Die Vitalität der Glaubensüberlieferung in der Moderne. Edited by Stefan Beyerle, Axel Graupner, and Udo Rüterswörden. Biblisch-theologische Studien 121. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2012
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 17 Jun 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 39 (465,555)

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Kanonformel, Bundestheologische Redaktion, Bundestheologie, Tel Tayinat, Esarhaddon, VTE, Treueid, Asarhaddon, Dtn 13,1; Dtn 4,2; Juha Pakkala; Eckart Otto; Erbefolgevertrag; Dtn 28; neuassyrischen; neuassyrien; Deuteronomium; Gesetzeskorpus; Loyalitätseid; Timo Veijola; Intertextualitäty

19.

'Better that You Should Not Vow than that You Vow and Not Fulfill': Qoheleth's Use of Textual Allusion and the Transformation of Deuteronomy's Law of Vows

In Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually. Edited by Katharine Dell and Will Kynes. Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies 587. London: T&T Clark, 2014. Pages 28–41.
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 01 Sep 2015
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 34 (488,050)

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law of vows; intertextuality; inner-biblical exegesis; linguistic updating; protasis; conditional clauses; interpolation; Deut 23:22–24; Qoh 5:4–7; Eccl 5:4-7; 11QTemple 53:11–14; Temple Scroll; Numbers 30, Sipre Deuteronomy; Sifre; Matthew 5:33-37

20.

'This is the Manner of the Remission': Implicit Legal Exegesis in 11QMelchizedek as a Response to the Formation of the Torah

Journal of Biblical Literature 132:2 (2013): 351–371
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 31 Aug 2014
Michael Bartos and Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities and University of Minnesota
Downloads 29 (513,165)

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Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, Pesharim, Pentateuch, Exegesis, Innerbiblical Exegesis, Synthetic Exegesis, Eschatological Exegesis, Halakic Exegesis, Legal Exegesis, Legal Hermeneutics, Implicit, Legal Interpretation, Rewritten Scripture, Harmonization, Jubilee, Debt Remission, Sabbatical Year

21.

La scoperta goethiana della versione ‘originale’ dei Dieci Comandamenti e la sua influenza sulla critica biblica: Il mito del particolarismo ebraico e dell’universalismo tedesco (The Impact of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Discovery of the 'Original' Version of the Ten Commandments upon Biblical Scholarship: The Myth of Jewish Particularism and German Universalism)

Pages 71-90 in Il roveto ardente: Scritti sull’ebraismo Tedesco in memoria di Francesca Y. Albertini, Edited by Irene Kajon, Lithos Editrice, 2013
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 23 Apr 2014
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 22 (554,410)

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Julius Wellhausen, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Spinoza, Zwo bisher unerörterte biblische Fragen, Dekalog, Decalogue, Pentateuch, Exodus, German Jewish history, Christian Jewish relations, Ten Commandments, history of biblical scholarship, Pentateuchal theory, documentary hypothesis, Exodus 34

22.

Du Sollst Nichts Hinzufügen Und Nichts Wegnehmen (Dtn 13,1): Rechtsreform Und Hermeneutik in Der Hebräischen Bibel (You Must Not Add to It Nor Take Away Anything from It (Deut 13:1): Legal Reform and Hermeneutics in the Hebrew Bible)

Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche, Vol. 102, pp. 157-183, 2006
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 11 May 2011 Last Revised: 11 Jun 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota
Downloads 17 (586,408)

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Law, Jewish Studies, Intellectual History, Hermeneutics, Biblical Studies, Kanonformel, Deuteronomium, neu-assyrische Staatsvertraege, hermeneutik, ade, Asarhaddon, Assurbanipal, Dtn 13,1, Dtn 4,2, Ignaz Goldziher, Julius Wellhausen, Timo Veijola, Hermeneutik, Theologie des Alten Testaments, Kanon

23.

The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel, and North America

Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2016 by Mohr Siebeck Tubingen, Germany {Please note: this is not complete paper or volume. It provides table of content and sample pages as excerpt only).
Number of pages: 82 Posted: 31 Mar 2020
Bernard M. Levinson, Jan Gertz, Dalit Rom-Shiloni and Konrad Schmid
University of Minnesota, University of Heidelberg, Tel Aviv University and University of Zurich
Downloads 14 (606,267)

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Biblical Law, Pentateuch, Source Criticism, Dead Sea Scrolls, Historical Geography, Allusion, Comparative Semitics; Canonization; Histsory of Israelite Religion; Exegesis; Wellhausen

24.

Strategies for the Reinterpretation of Normative Texts within the Hebrew Bible

International Journal of Legal Discourse 3 (2018): 1–31. Online: DOI:10.1515/ijld-2018-2001.
Posted: 22 May 2020
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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legal hermeneutics, normative texts, constitutional theory, Jewish law, individual liability, Decalogue

25.

'This is the Manner of the Remission': Legal Exegesis and Eschatological Syntax in 11QMelchizedek

Journal of Biblical Literature 132:2 (2013): 351-371
Posted: 20 Aug 2013
Bernard M. Levinson and Michael Bartos
University of Minnesota and University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

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Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran, Pesharim, Pentateuch, Exegesis, Innerbiblical Exegesis, Synthetic, Exegesis, Eschatological Exegesis, Halakic Exegesis, Legal Exegesis, Legal Hermeneutics, Implicit Legal Interpretation, Rewritten Scripture, Harmonization, Jubilee, Debt Remission, Sabbatical Year

26.

Theory and Method in Biblical and Cuneiform Law: Revision, Interpolation and Development

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series, Vol. 181, B. Levinson, ed., Sheffield Academic Press, 1994
Posted: 06 Sep 2012 Last Revised: 20 Jun 2013
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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biblical law, ancient Near Eastern law, cuneiform law, Pentateuch, Hebrew Bible, Israel history, biblical studies, biblical literature, Covenant Code, Deuteronomy, legal development

27.

Fino Alla Quarta Generazione: Revisione Di Leggi E Rinnovamento Religioso Nell’Israele Antico (To the Fourth Generation: Legal Revision and Religious Renewal in Ancient Israel)

Rome: Gregorian University and Pontifical Biblical Institute Press, 2012
Posted: 20 Jun 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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Decalogue, Divine Justice, Canon, Intertextuality, Allusion, Immanuel Kant, inner-biblical exegesis, relecture, Fortschreibung, Kanon, Textuality, Literary Theory, Hammurabi, Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, scribal curriculum, Ruth, Authorship, Hittite Laws, Decalogo, all’esegesi intra-biblica

28.

(Revisão Legal E Renovação Religiosa No Antigo Israel) Legal Revision and Religious Innovation in Ancient Israel)

Revisão Legal E Renovação Religiosa No Antigo Israel, São Paulo, Brazil: Paulus Editora, 2011.
Posted: 20 Jun 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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Decalogue, Divine Justice, Canon, Intertextuality, Allusion, Immanuel Kant, inner-biblical exegesis, relecture, Fortschreibung, Kanon, Textuality, Literary Theory, Hammurabi, Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, scribal curriculum, Ruth, Authorship, Hittite Laws, Decálogo, exegese intrabíblica

29.

Der Kreative Kanon: Innerbiblische Schriftauslegung und Religionsgeschichtlicher Wandel im Alten Israel (The Creative Canon: Innerbiblical Exegesis and Religious Innovation in Ancient Israel)

Introduction by Prof. Dr. Hermann Spieckermann. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012
Posted: 10 Jun 2012 Last Revised: 12 Jul 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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Bibelwissenschaften, innerbiblischen Exegese, Kanon, Geisteswissenschaften, Dekalog, Bibel, Hebräischen Bibel , Decalogue, Divine Justice, Canon, Intertextuality, Allusion, Immanuel Kant, Inner-Biblical Exegesis, Relecture, Fortschreibung, Kanon, Textuality, Literary Theory, Hammurabi

30.

L’Herméneutique de L’Innovation: Canon et Exégèse Dans L’Israël Biblique (The Hermeneutics of Innovation: Canon and Exegesis in Biblical Israel)

Éditions Lessius, 2005
Posted: 19 Jun 2011 Last Revised: 12 Jul 2012
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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Intellectual History, Law, Biblical Studies, Hermeneutics, Contemporary French Philosophy, French Studies, Ancien Testament, Pentateuchal Theory, French Literature, French language, Francophone Canada, Francophone Literature, Religion and Litterature, Comparative Law, Hebrew Bible

31.

Deuteronomy and the Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation

Bernard M. Levinson, DEUTERONOMY AND THE HERMENEUTICS OF LEGAL INNOVATION, Oxford University Press, 1997
Posted: 07 Jun 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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law, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, theology/biblical studies, hermeneutics, biblical studies, comparative law, Old Testament, intellectual history, Assyriology, constitutional theory, Pentateuchal theory, Second Temple Judaism, Old Testament theology

32.

The ‘Effected Object’ in Contractual Legal Language: The Semantics of ‘If You Purchase a Hebrew Slave’ (Exodus 21:2a)

Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 56, pp. 485-504, 2006
Posted: 23 May 2011
Bernard M. Levinson
University of Minnesota

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Exodus 21:2a, Manumission Law, Historical Linguistics, Biblical Hebrew Grammar, Hebrew Semantics, Effected Object, Transitivity, Grammatical Patient, John Van Seters, Biblical Slave Laws, Protasis, Covenant Code, Hebrew Slave, Albrecht Alt, Sara Japhet, Anton Jirku, Eckart Otto, Nisbe Form

Other Papers (1)

Total Downloads: 46
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1.

The Limitations of ‘Resonance:’ A Response to Joshua Berman on Historical and Comparative Method

Journal of Ancient Judaism 4 (2013): 310-333
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 25 Aug 2014 Last Revised: 30 Mar 2020
Bernard M. Levinson and Jeffrey Stackert
University of Minnesota and University of Chicago
Downloads 46

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Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, canon formula, CTH 133, Joshua Berman, Covenant Code, Tel Tayinat, EST, VTE, Hittite treaty, biblical law, New Historicism, New Criticism, biblical scholarship, compositional history, Deuteronomy, succession, Assurbanipal