University of Colorado at Denver - Colorado School of Public Health, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis, University of Pittsburgh - Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Colorado at Denver - Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Denver - Colorado School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora - Anschutz School of Medicine and University of Colorado, Aurora - Anschutz Medical Campus