University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Medical and Scientific Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca - Medical and Scientific Affairs, University of Oxford - Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen - Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Swansea University - Population Data Science, University of Oxford - Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Swansea University - Population Data Science, University of Glasgow - Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Health Data Research UK - BHF Data Science Centre, Health Data Research UK - BHF Data Science Centre, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, Health Data Research UK - BHF Data Science Centre, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics and affiliation not provided to SSRN