PEM fuel cellProton exchange membrane degradationFluorine-free membraneHydrocarbon materialsSulfonated poly(phenylene sulfones) Confocal Raman Microscopy
hydrocarbon proton exchange membranes, accelerated fuel cell stress test, radical attack, membrane degradation, polymer repair, crown ether Ce(III) complexes
Fuel cells, proton exchange membranes, aromatic electron density, OCV hold, radical degradation, accelerated stress tests