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William Smyth

Ulster University

Associate Professor of Mathematics

Intelligent Systems Research Centre

Ulster University

Londonderry, BT48 7JL

Northern Ireland

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

7

DOWNLOADS

2,752

TOTAL CITATIONS

0

Scholarly Papers (7)

On the Use of Principal Components Analysis in Index Construction

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 13 Dec 2022
Daniel Broby and William Smyth
Asian Institute of Management and Ulster University
Downloads 830 (72,551)

Abstract:

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Principal Component Analysis, Index construction, Correlation Matrix.

On the Use of Principal Components Analysis in Index Construction

Number of pages: 13 Posted: 18 Jan 2023
Daniel Broby and William Smyth
Asian Institute of Management and Ulster University
Downloads 336 (222,774)

Abstract:

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Principal Component Analysis, Index construction, Correlation Matrix, Factor Model Index, Index Methodology.

2.

Squeezing Financial Noise: A Novel Approach to Covariance Matrix Estimation

Number of pages: 66 Posted: 22 Oct 2024 Last Revised: 02 Dec 2025
Hudson Bay Capital Management, LP, Ulster University, University of California at San Diego, Fidelity Investments, Inc., Imperial College London and Hudson Bay Capital Management, LP
Downloads 929 (64,657)

Abstract:

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noise manipulation (squeezing), objective-specific correlation matrix, condition number, statistical alignment, linear shrinkage, non-linear shrinkage, random matrix theory, Gerber statistic

3.

Markowitz-Informed Neural Networks (MINNs): An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach to Portfolio Optimization

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 11 Jul 2025
William Smyth, Philip Ernst and Yinsen Miao
Ulster University, Imperial College London and Fidelity Investments, Inc.
Downloads 432 (176,554)

Abstract:

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Markowitz-Informed Neural Networks (Minns), Interpretable Deep Learning, Portfolio Optimization, Mean-Variance Optimization, Explainable AI, Responsible AI, Covariance Estimation, Whitebox Models

4.

Squeezed Covariance Matrix Estimation: Analytic Eigenvalue Control

Number of pages: 46 Posted: 02 Jan 2026
Layla Abu Khalaf and William Smyth
Ulster University and Ulster University
Downloads 115 (635,507)

Abstract:

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Portfolio Optimization, Squeezed Covariance Estimation, Squeezing, Analytic Eigenvalue Control, Analytic Condition Number, Gerber IQ, Atomic IQ

5.

Minimum Variance Portfolios with Enhanced Stability

Number of pages: 47 Posted: 17 Jul 2025
William Smyth
Ulster University
Downloads 50 (1,097,529)

Abstract:

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portfolio stability, proximity matrix, clustering, entropy, random matrix theory, kernel density estimation

6.

Kernel-IQ: Marginal Squeezing for Tail-Aware Covariance Estimation

Number of pages: 20 Posted: 16 May 2026
William Smyth
Ulster University
Downloads 48 (1,196,171)

Abstract:

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7.

Kernel–IQ: Marginal Squeezing for Scalable Covariance Estimation

Number of pages: 1 Posted: 01 Apr 2026
William Smyth
Ulster University
Downloads 12 (1,555,090)

Abstract:

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Covariance estimation, Portfolio Optimization, Tail-aware dependence, Positive semidefinite covariance, Kernel-IQ, Gram matrix, financial econometrics