hard-rock tunnel, high geo-stress state, progressive damage, Failure mechanism, fracture evolution, time-delay rockburst
Tunnel face stability, Failure mechanism, high geostress, seepage flow, Upper bound limit analysis, Discrete element method
Small interval tunnel, High water pressure, Hydrostatic head height, Seepage field distribution, Stress field distribution, Structural safety performance
Face stability, shallow EPB shield tunnel, DEM, erosion, forewarning information
shield tunnel, Performance evaluation, Pulse effects, Dynamic Response, Seismic fragility curves