positive and negative terrain, terrain opening, improvement, karst
positive and negative terrain, terrain opening, Improvement, karst, PLSM
Karst ecosystem, Water use efficiency, Different climatic conditions, Path analysis, Elasticity coefficient analysis
Waterlogging level, Remote sensing, Winter wheat, Growth stage, Geodetector
Water use efficiency, vertical water transport processes, karst critical zone, Random forest, structural equation modeling
water use efficiency, Vapor pressure deficit, atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, climate warming, attribution analysis