Caroline L. Freund

World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment

Director

1818 H Street, N.W.

MC3-329

Washington, DC 20433

United States

http://econ.worldbank.org/staff/cfreund

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

38

DOWNLOADS
Rank 5,317

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 5,317

in Total Papers Downloads

13,648

SSRN CITATIONS
Rank 2,067

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 2,067

in Total Papers Citations

283

CROSSREF CITATIONS

498

Scholarly Papers (38)

1.
Downloads 2,008 (14,083)

Regional Trade Agreements

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5314
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 2,008 (13,821)
Citation 20

Abstract:

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Free Trade, Trade Law, Trade Policy, Trade and Regional Integration, Economic Theory & Research

Regional Trade Agreements

Annual Review of Economics, Vol. 2, pp. 139-166, 2010
Posted: 18 Oct 2010
Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics

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2.

Remittances: Transaction Costs, Determinants, and Informal Flows

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3704
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 21 Sep 2005
Caroline L. Freund and Nicola Spatafora
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 1,585 (20,256)
Citation 14

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3.

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4960
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 21 Aug 2014
Hector F. Calvo Pardo, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
University of Southampton - Economics Division, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 934 (43,834)
Citation 2

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, Trade Law, Trade and Regional Integration, International Trade and Trade Rules

4.

Trading on Time

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3909
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 05 Apr 2006
Simeon Djankov, Caroline L. Freund and Cong S. Pham
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Deakin University, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance
Downloads 892 (46,637)
Citation 42

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Trade facilitation

5.

On the Effect of the Internet on International Trade

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 09 May 2001
Caroline L. Freund and Diana Weinhold
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) - Department of International Development
Downloads 648 (71,389)
Citation 60

Abstract:

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sunk costs, world wide web, gravity equation, digital divide

6.

Current Account Adjustment in Industrial Countries

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 13 Apr 2001
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 495 (99,671)
Citation 8

Abstract:

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current account deficit, trade deficit, exchange rate adjustment, currency crises

7.

Trade, Regulations, and Growth

Number of pages: 40 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Bineswaree Bolaky and Caroline L. Freund
University of Maryland and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 481 (103,207)
Citation 5

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8.

Export Surges: The Power of a Competitive Currency

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4750
Number of pages: 58 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 452 (111,067)
Citation 9

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Currencies and Exchange Rates, Emerging Markets, Debt Markets, Economic Theory & Research, Achieving Shared Growth

9.

The Anatomy of China's Export Growth

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4628
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 433 (116,834)

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Economic Theory & Research, Free Trade, Trade Policy, Emerging Markets, Debt Markets

10.

On the Dynamics of Trade Diversion: Evidence from Four Trade Blocs

Number of pages: 52 Posted: 21 Jun 2000
Caroline L. Freund and John McLaren
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and University of Virginia
Downloads 405 (126,272)
Citation 1

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Regionalism, Sunk Costs

11.

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4960
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Hector F. Calvo-Pardo, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
University of Southampton, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 400 (128,099)

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, Trade Law, Trade and Regional Integration, International Trade and Trade Rules

12.

The Trade Response to Global Downturns: Historical Evidence

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5015
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 395 (129,942)
Citation 5

Abstract:

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Economic Theory & Research, Emerging Markets, Free Trade, Trade Policy, Currencies and Exchange Rates

13.

On the Conservation of Distance in International Trade

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Matias Berthelon and Caroline L. Freund
University of Maryland - Department of Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 373 (138,523)
Citation 12

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14.

All in the Family: State Capture in Tunisia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6810
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Bob Rijkers, Caroline L. Freund and Antonio Nucifora
World Bank, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Africa
Downloads 334 (156,160)
Citation 3

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Investment and Investment Climate, Debt Markets, Transport Economics Policy & Planning, Microfinance, Emerging Markets

15.

Export Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Peru

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5407
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 329 (158,755)
Citation 8

Abstract:

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Markets and Market Access, Microfinance, Access to Markets, Economic Theory & Research, Debt Markets

16.

Exporter Dynamics Database

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6229
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
World Bank - International Trade Division, World Bank - International Trade Division, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 317 (165,116)
Citation 2

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Debt Markets, Free Trade, Currencies and Exchange Rates, Economic Theory & Research, Trade Policy

17.

Active Labor Market Policies: Lessons from Other Countries for the United States

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 19-2
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 04 Feb 2019
Chad P. Bown and Caroline L. Freund
Peterson Institute for International Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 259 (203,297)
Citation 7

Abstract:

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active labor market policies, placement services, training, wage insurance, education

18.

What Constrains Africa's Exports?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5184
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Nadia Rocha
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Trade Organization
Downloads 239 (219,956)

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Transport Economics Policy & Planning, Common Carriers Industry, Transport and Trade Logistics, Trade Policy, Economic Theory & Research

19.

Disintegration

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 17 Sep 1998
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 236 (222,689)
Citation 2

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Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

Number of pages: 48 Posted: 20 Jun 2006
Francis E. Warnock and Caroline L. Freund
University of Virginia - Darden Business School and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 190 (271,834)
Citation 2

Abstract:

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global imbalances

Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

NBER Working Paper No. w11823
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 22 Oct 2012 Last Revised: 26 Oct 2022
Caroline L. Freund and Francis E. Warnock
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and University of Virginia - Darden Business School
Downloads 32 (802,038)
Citation 11

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21.

Reciprocity in Free Trade Agreements

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 219 (239,103)

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22.
Downloads 209 (249,770)

Regime Change, Democracy, and Growth

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 14-1
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 24 Aug 2014
Caroline L. Freund and Melise Jaud
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 206 (252,430)
Citation 6

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political transition, autocracy, event study

Regime Change, Democracy and Growth

CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP9282
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 01 Feb 2013
Caroline L. Freund and Melise Jaud
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 3 (1,076,990)
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democratization, event study, political transition

23.

Spaghetti Regionalism

Number of pages: 20 Posted: 17 Jan 2001
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 189 (273,539)

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trade, regionalism, and imperfect competition

24.

Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4751
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Antoni Estevadeordal, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 174 (295,628)
Citation 9

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, International Trade and Trade Rules, Trade and Regional Integration, Trade Law

25.

Raising Household Energy Prices in Poland: Who Gains? Who Loses?

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Christine Wallich
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - World Bank Institute (WBI)
Downloads 173 (295,628)
Citation 1

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26.

Export Superstars

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6222
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 166 (306,126)
Citation 21

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Microfinance, Free Trade, Economic Theory & Research, Trade Policy, Small Scale Enterprise

27.

Loss Aversion and Trade Policy

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Caglar Ozden
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 153 (327,960)
Citation 5

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28.

Multilateralism and the Endogenous Formation of Ptas

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 13 Jun 1998
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 147 (338,882)
Citation 2

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29.

Disintegration and Trade Flows: Evidence from the Former Soviet Union

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 136 (362,231)

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30.

Is 3d Printing a Threat to Global Trade? The Trade Effects You Didn't Hear About

World Development Report 2020
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 20 Aug 2021
Caroline L. Freund, Alen Mulabdic and Michele Ruta
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment, World Bank and Economic Research Division, WTO
Downloads 123 (391,157)

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3D Printing, Trade, Comparative Advantage, Developing Countries

31.

Which Firms Do Foreigners Buy? Evidence from the Republic of Korea

Number of pages: 25 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Simeon Djankov
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE)
Downloads 115 (408,386)

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32.

Regionalism and Permanent Diversion

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 31 Mar 1998
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 93 (473,291)

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33.

Which Firms Create the Most Jobs in Developing Countries? Evidence from Tunisia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7068
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 20 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 30 Apr 2018
Bob Rijkers, Hassen Arouri, Caroline L. Freund and Antonio Nucifora
World Bank, Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Africa
Downloads 78 (526,822)

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Labor Markets, Employment and Unemployment

34.

What Constrains Africa's Exports

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 12 Feb 2010
Nadia Rocha and Caroline L. Freund
World Trade Organization and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 69 (564,022)
Citation 9

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Trade facilitation, export times, transit delays, gravity models

35.

The Problem of US Labor Force Participation

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 19-1
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 15 Oct 2019
Chad P. Bown and Caroline L. Freund
Peterson Institute for International Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 67 (572,956)
Citation 2

Abstract:

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labor force participation, unemployment, disability

36.

Deals and Delays: Firm-Level Evidence on Corruption and Policy Implementation Times

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6949
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund, Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Bob Rijkers
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 58 (615,994)
Citation 2

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Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures, Access to Finance, Crime and Society, Microfinance, E-Business

37.

Episodes of Unemployment Reduction in Rich, Middle-Income, and Transition Economies

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6891
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Bob Rijkers
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 42 (715,047)

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Labor Markets, Population Policies, Labor Policies, Economic Theory & Research, Youth and Governance

38.

Trade Flows in the Former Soviet Union, 1987 to 1996

Posted: 19 Jul 2002
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment

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