Caroline L. Freund

World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment

Director

1818 H Street, N.W.

MC3-329

Washington, DC 20433

United States

http://econ.worldbank.org/staff/cfreund

  • World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment

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    • Tel: (202)458-0847
SCHOLARLY PAPERS

38

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13,648

SSRN CITATIONS
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Top 2,067

in Total Papers Citations

283

CROSSREF CITATIONS

498

Scholarly Papers (38)

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1.

Regional Trade Agreements

Downloads 2,008 (14,083)

Regional Trade Agreements

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5314
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 2,008 (13,821)
Citation 20

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Free Trade, Trade Law, Trade Policy, Trade and Regional Integration, Economic Theory & Research

Regional Trade Agreements

Annual Review of Economics, Vol. 2, pp. 139-166, 2010
Posted: 18 Oct 2010
Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics

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2.

Remittances: Transaction Costs, Determinants, and Informal Flows

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3704
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 21 Sep 2005
Caroline L. Freund and Nicola Spatafora
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Downloads 1,585 (20,256)
Citation 14

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3.

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4960
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 21 Aug 2014
Hector F. Calvo Pardo, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
University of Southampton - Economics Division, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 934 (43,834)
Citation 2

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, Trade Law, Trade and Regional Integration, International Trade and Trade Rules

4.

Trading on Time

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3909
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 05 Apr 2006
Simeon Djankov, Caroline L. Freund and Cong S. Pham
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Deakin University, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance
Downloads 892 (46,637)
Citation 42

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Trade facilitation

5.

On the Effect of the Internet on International Trade

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 09 May 2001
Caroline L. Freund and Diana Weinhold
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) - Department of International Development
Downloads 648 (71,389)
Citation 60

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sunk costs, world wide web, gravity equation, digital divide

6.

Current Account Adjustment in Industrial Countries

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 13 Apr 2001
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 495 (99,671)
Citation 8

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current account deficit, trade deficit, exchange rate adjustment, currency crises

7.

Trade, Regulations, and Growth

Number of pages: 40 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Bineswaree Bolaky and Caroline L. Freund
University of Maryland and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 481 (103,207)
Citation 5

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8.

Export Surges: The Power of a Competitive Currency

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4750
Number of pages: 58 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 452 (111,067)
Citation 9

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Currencies and Exchange Rates, Emerging Markets, Debt Markets, Economic Theory & Research, Achieving Shared Growth

9.

The Anatomy of China's Export Growth

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4628
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 433 (116,834)

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Economic Theory & Research, Free Trade, Trade Policy, Emerging Markets, Debt Markets

10.

On the Dynamics of Trade Diversion: Evidence from Four Trade Blocs

Number of pages: 52 Posted: 21 Jun 2000
Caroline L. Freund and John McLaren
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and University of Virginia
Downloads 405 (126,272)
Citation 1

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Regionalism, Sunk Costs

11.

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4960
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Hector F. Calvo-Pardo, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
University of Southampton, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 400 (128,099)

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, Trade Law, Trade and Regional Integration, International Trade and Trade Rules

12.

The Trade Response to Global Downturns: Historical Evidence

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5015
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 395 (129,942)
Citation 5

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Economic Theory & Research, Emerging Markets, Free Trade, Trade Policy, Currencies and Exchange Rates

13.

On the Conservation of Distance in International Trade

Number of pages: 32 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Matias Berthelon and Caroline L. Freund
University of Maryland - Department of Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 373 (138,523)
Citation 12

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14.

All in the Family: State Capture in Tunisia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6810
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Bob Rijkers, Caroline L. Freund and Antonio Nucifora
World Bank, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Africa
Downloads 334 (156,160)
Citation 3

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Investment and Investment Climate, Debt Markets, Transport Economics Policy & Planning, Microfinance, Emerging Markets

15.

Export Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Peru

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5407
Number of pages: 59 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 329 (158,755)
Citation 8

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Markets and Market Access, Microfinance, Access to Markets, Economic Theory & Research, Debt Markets

16.

Exporter Dynamics Database

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6229
Number of pages: 55 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Tolga Cebeci, Ana M. Fernandes, Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - International Trade Division, World Bank - International Trade Division, World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 317 (165,116)
Citation 2

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Debt Markets, Free Trade, Currencies and Exchange Rates, Economic Theory & Research, Trade Policy

17.

Active Labor Market Policies: Lessons from Other Countries for the United States

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 19-2
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 04 Feb 2019
Chad P. Bown and Caroline L. Freund
Peterson Institute for International Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 259 (203,297)
Citation 7

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active labor market policies, placement services, training, wage insurance, education

18.

What Constrains Africa's Exports?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5184
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Nadia Rocha
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Trade Organization
Downloads 239 (219,956)

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Transport Economics Policy & Planning, Common Carriers Industry, Transport and Trade Logistics, Trade Policy, Economic Theory & Research

19.

Disintegration

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 17 Sep 1998
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 236 (222,689)
Citation 2

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20.

Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

Downloads 222 (236,108)
Citation 19

Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

Number of pages: 48 Posted: 20 Jun 2006
Francis E. Warnock and Caroline L. Freund
University of Virginia - Darden Business School and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 190 (271,834)
Citation 2

Abstract:

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global imbalances

Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

NBER Working Paper No. w11823
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 22 Oct 2012 Last Revised: 26 Oct 2022
Caroline L. Freund and Francis E. Warnock
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and University of Virginia - Darden Business School
Downloads 32 (802,038)
Citation 11

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21.

Reciprocity in Free Trade Agreements

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 219 (239,103)

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22.

Regime Change, Democracy, and Growth

Downloads 209 (249,770)

Regime Change, Democracy, and Growth

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 14-1
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 24 Aug 2014
Caroline L. Freund and Melise Jaud
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 206 (252,430)
Citation 6

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political transition, autocracy, event study

Regime Change, Democracy and Growth

CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP9282
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 01 Feb 2013
Caroline L. Freund and Melise Jaud
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 3 (1,076,990)
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democratization, event study, political transition

23.

Spaghetti Regionalism

Number of pages: 20 Posted: 17 Jan 2001
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 189 (273,539)

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trade, regionalism, and imperfect competition

24.

Does Regionalism Affect Trade Liberalization toward Non-Members?

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4751
Number of pages: 61 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Antoni Estevadeordal, Caroline L. Freund and Emanuel Ornelas
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and Sao Paulo School of Economics
Downloads 174 (295,628)
Citation 9

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Free Trade, Trade Policy, International Trade and Trade Rules, Trade and Regional Integration, Trade Law

25.

Raising Household Energy Prices in Poland: Who Gains? Who Loses?

Number of pages: 60 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Christine Wallich
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - World Bank Institute (WBI)
Downloads 173 (295,628)
Citation 1

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26.

Export Superstars

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6222
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Martha Denisse Pierola
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)
Downloads 166 (306,126)
Citation 21

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Microfinance, Free Trade, Economic Theory & Research, Trade Policy, Small Scale Enterprise

27.

Loss Aversion and Trade Policy

Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Caglar Ozden
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Research Department
Downloads 153 (327,960)
Citation 5

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28.

Multilateralism and the Endogenous Formation of Ptas

Number of pages: 21 Posted: 13 Jun 1998
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 147 (338,882)
Citation 2

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29.

Disintegration and Trade Flows: Evidence from the Former Soviet Union

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 136 (362,231)

Abstract:

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30.

Is 3d Printing a Threat to Global Trade? The Trade Effects You Didn't Hear About

World Development Report 2020
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 20 Aug 2021
Caroline L. Freund, Alen Mulabdic and Michele Ruta
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment, World Bank and Economic Research Division, WTO
Downloads 123 (391,157)

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3D Printing, Trade, Comparative Advantage, Developing Countries

31.

Which Firms Do Foreigners Buy? Evidence from the Republic of Korea

Number of pages: 25 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Simeon Djankov
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE)
Downloads 115 (408,386)

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32.

Regionalism and Permanent Diversion

Number of pages: 43 Posted: 31 Mar 1998
Caroline L. Freund
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 93 (473,291)

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33.

Which Firms Create the Most Jobs in Developing Countries? Evidence from Tunisia

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7068
Number of pages: 52 Posted: 20 Apr 2016 Last Revised: 30 Apr 2018
Bob Rijkers, Hassen Arouri, Caroline L. Freund and Antonio Nucifora
World Bank, Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT), World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank - Africa
Downloads 78 (526,822)

Abstract:

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Labor Markets, Employment and Unemployment

34.

What Constrains Africa's Exports

Number of pages: 22 Posted: 12 Feb 2010
Nadia Rocha and Caroline L. Freund
World Trade Organization and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 69 (564,022)
Citation 9

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Trade facilitation, export times, transit delays, gravity models

35.

The Problem of US Labor Force Participation

Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper No. 19-1
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 15 Oct 2019
Chad P. Bown and Caroline L. Freund
Peterson Institute for International Economics and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment
Downloads 67 (572,956)
Citation 2

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labor force participation, unemployment, disability

36.

Deals and Delays: Firm-Level Evidence on Corruption and Policy Implementation Times

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6949
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund, Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Bob Rijkers
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment, World Bank - Research Department and World Bank
Downloads 58 (615,994)
Citation 2

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Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures, Access to Finance, Crime and Society, Microfinance, E-Business

37.

Episodes of Unemployment Reduction in Rich, Middle-Income, and Transition Economies

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6891
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 20 Apr 2016
Caroline L. Freund and Bob Rijkers
World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment and World Bank
Downloads 42 (715,047)

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Labor Markets, Population Policies, Labor Policies, Economic Theory & Research, Youth and Governance

38.

Trade Flows in the Former Soviet Union, 1987 to 1996

Posted: 19 Jul 2002
Simeon Djankov and Caroline L. Freund
London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) and World Bank - Macro, Trade and Investment

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