National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, University College London, University College London, University College London, University College London, University College London, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of South Carolina, University College London, University College London - Electrochemical Innovation Lab, University College London - Electrochemical Innovation Lab, University College London, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Diamond Light Source - Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University College London and Government of the United States of America - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)