University of Leeds - Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds - Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Government of the United Kingdom - Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, New York University (NYU) - Department of Population Health, University of Leeds - Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Karolinska Institutet, University of Liverpool - Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Leeds - Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and University of Leeds - Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine