Tianjin Normal University
karst spring discharge, spatial and temporal coupling, hybrid deep learning model, cross-correlation, human activities
karst spring discharge, multi-time scales, Deep learning, multi-scale convolutional, Transformer
Karst spring discharge, Discharge differences, LSTM, Transformer, Hydroclimatic sensitivity, Turning point
Karst spring discharge, LSTM, Transformer, Attention mechanism, First-order differences, Nonlinear threshold