Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan - Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Busitema University, Makerere University - Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Debre Berhan University, Ministry of Health (Ethiopia), Aksum University - Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University - Black Lion Hospital, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Ministry of Health and Social Services, University of Namibia, University of Monastir - University Hospital of Monastir, Université de Ouagadougou - Centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Université de Kinshasa - Kinshasa University Hospital, Université de Kinshasa - Kinshasa University Hospital, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The Gambia, University of The Gambia, Ministry of Health Somalia, Amoud University, University of Hargeisa, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Ministry of Health, Lesotho, National Ribat University, National Ribat University, University of Botswana, Marien Ngouabi University, Marien Ngouabi University, Cadi Ayyad University - University Hospital Center Mohamed VI, University Hospital of Mohammed VI, Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) - Maputo Central Hospital, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura University of Science Education, Busitema University, Walter Sisulu University, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, University of Cape Town (UCT), University of Cape Town (UCT), Nutrition, Research and Development Manager, Safe Surgery South Africa, University of Cape Town (UCT), University of Cape Town (UCT), University of Cape Town (UCT) - Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Department of Statistical Sciences, Uppsala University, Queen Mary University of London - Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, University of Cape Town (UCT) - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine and Independent