Michael James Bommarito

273 Ventures

CEO

http://273ventures.com

Licensio, LLC

Okemos, MI 48864

United States

Stanford Center for Legal Informatics

559 Nathan Abbott Way

Stanford, CA 94305-8610

United States

Michigan State College of Law

Adjunct Professor

318 Law College Building

East Lansing, MI 48824-1300

United States

Bommarito Consulting, LLC

CEO

MI 48098

United States

  • 273 Ventures

  • Licensio, LLC

  • Stanford Center for Legal Informatics

  • Michigan State College of Law

  • Bommarito Consulting, LLC

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

31

DOWNLOADS
Rank 990

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 990

in Total Papers Downloads

50,466

TOTAL CITATIONS
Rank 7,925

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 7,925

in Total Papers Citations

311

Scholarly Papers (31)

Actions:
Email selected abstracts
1.

GPT-4 Passes the Bar Exam

382 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (2024)
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 15 Mar 2023 Last Revised: 03 Apr 2024
Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito, Shang Gao and Pablo Arredondo
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures, Casetext and Casetext
Downloads 11,268 (988)
Citation 57

Abstract:

Loading...

GPT, GPT-4, Bar Exam, Legal Data, NLP, Legal NLP, Legal Analytics, natural language processing, natural language understanding, evaluation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence and law, Neural NLP, Legal Tech, ChatGPT

2.

GPT Takes the Bar Exam

Number of pages: 7 Posted: 31 Dec 2022 Last Revised: 03 Jan 2023
Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 8,202 (1,678)

Abstract:

Loading...

GPT, ChatGPT, Bar Exam, Legal Data, NLP, Legal NLP, Legal Analytics, natural language processing, natural language understanding, evaluation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence and law

3.

A General Approach for Predicting the Behavior of the Supreme Court of the United States

Number of pages: 18 Posted: 09 Jul 2014 Last Revised: 19 Jan 2017
Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito and Josh Blackman
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures and South Texas College of Law Houston
Downloads 5,477 (3,330)
Citation 131

Abstract:

Loading...

United States Supreme Court, Machine Learning, Law and Social Science, Quantitative Legal Prediction, SCOTUS prediction, artificial intelligence and law, online learning, judicial prediction, random forest

4.

Reproduction of Hierarchy? A Social Network Analysis of the American Law Professoriate

Journal of Legal Education, Vol. 61, No. 1, August 2011 , CELS 2009 4th Annual Conference on Empirical Legal Studies Paper
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 09 Mar 2009 Last Revised: 26 May 2011
Daniel Martin Katz, Joshua R. Gubler, Jon Zelner, Michael James Bommarito, Eric A. Provins and Eitan M. Ingall
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, Brigham Young University - Department of Political Science, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Center for Study of Complex Systems, 273 Ventures, University of Michigan - Department of Political Science and University of Pennsylvania - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Downloads 3,229 (8,041)
Citation 4

Abstract:

Loading...

Social Network Analysis, American Common Law, Complexity, Public Law, Sociology of Law, Power Law, Peer Effects, Doctrinal Phase Transition, Legal Academy, Organizational Studies, Computational Legal Studies, Law as a Complex System

5.

Measuring the Complexity of the Law: The United States Code

22 Artificial Intelligence and Law 337 (2014)
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 08 Aug 2013 Last Revised: 08 Feb 2016
Daniel Martin Katz and Michael James Bommarito
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and 273 Ventures
Downloads 3,159 (8,333)
Citation 24

Abstract:

Loading...

United States Code, Complexity of Law, Legal Complexity, legal entropy, optimal regulation

6.

Natural Language Processing in the Legal Domain

Number of pages: 13 Posted: 25 Jan 2023 Last Revised: 13 Apr 2023
Daniel Martin Katz, Dirk Hartung, Lauritz Gerlach, Abhik Jana, Abhik Jana and Michael James Bommarito
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, Singapore Management University - Yong Pung How School of Law, Bucerius Law School, Language Technology Group, Department of Informatics, Universität HamburgUniversity of Hamburg and 273 Ventures
Downloads 2,606 (11,281)

Abstract:

Loading...

Legal Data, NLP, NLProc, Legal NLP, Legal Analytics, Evaluation, AI, Legal Engineering, Legal Science, Engineering, Neural NLP, Legal Tech

7.

A Profitable Trading and Risk Management Strategy Despite Transaction Cost

Quantitative Finance 11 (6), 829-848, 2011
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 21 Nov 2009 Last Revised: 09 May 2018
Ahmet Duran and Michael James Bommarito
Istanbul Technical University, Department of Mathematical Engineering and 273 Ventures
Downloads 2,456 (12,361)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Loading...

portfolio risk management, algorithmic trading, out-of-sample prediction, long memory in stocks, adaptive learning algorithm, market timing, principal component analysis, simulation

8.

LexNLP: Natural Language Processing and Information Extraction For Legal and Regulatory Texts

Number of pages: 7 Posted: 21 Jun 2018
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Eric Detterman
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and LexPredict, LLC
Downloads 2,362 (13,209)
Citation 7

Abstract:

Loading...

natural language processing, legal, regulatory, machine learning, segmentation, extraction, open source, Python

9.

Intraday Correlation Patterns between the S&P 500 and Sector Indices

Number of pages: 18 Posted: 17 Sep 2010 Last Revised: 05 Oct 2010
Michael James Bommarito
273 Ventures
Downloads 1,110 (41,865)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Loading...

return correlation, volume correlation, intraday correlation, sector correlation

10.

Law as a Seamless Web? Comparison of Various Network Representations of the United States Supreme Court Corpus (1791-2005)

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2009)
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 16 Jun 2009 Last Revised: 03 Jun 2010
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Jon Zelner
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Center for Study of Complex Systems
Downloads 1,095 (42,713)
Citation 9

Abstract:

Loading...

computational legal studies, computer programming and law, network analysis, judicial citation networks, law as a complex system, evolutionary graph theory, computational linguistics and law, semantic analysis, supreme court citations, evolution of law

11.

Law on the Market? Abnormal Stock Returns and Supreme Court Decision-Making

Number of pages: 28 Posted: 24 Aug 2015 Last Revised: 20 Dec 2017
Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito, Tyler Soellinger and James Ming Chen
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures, Michigan State University - College of Law and Michigan State University - College of Law
Downloads 1,092 (42,824)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Loading...

Supreme Court, securities markets, arbitrage, event study, judicial decision-making, market efficiency, abnormal returns

12.

An Empirical Survey of the Population of United States Tax Court Written Decisions

Virginia Tax Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2011
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 02 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 21 Mar 2011
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Jillian Isaacs - See
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
Downloads 1,067 (44,244)
Citation 18

Abstract:

Loading...

Empirical Legal Studies, United States Tax Court, Judicial Decision Making, Computational Legal Studies, Network Analysis and Law, Network Dynamics, Text Parsing of Legal Documents, Information Visualization, Citation Network, Tax Litigation

13.

Legal N-Grams? A Simple Approach to Track the ‘Evolution’ of Legal Language

Proceedings of JURIX 2011: The 24th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, Vienna, 2011
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 16 Dec 2011
Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito, Julie Seaman, Adam Candeub and Eugene Agichtein
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures, Emory University School of Law, Michigan State University - College of Law and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 1,016 (47,390)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Loading...

N-Grams, Computational Linguistics, Law, Courts, Judges, Evolution of Law, Legal Memes, Time Series

14.

A Mathematical Approach to the Study of the United States Code

Physica A, Vol. 389, 2010
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 29 Mar 2010 Last Revised: 02 Aug 2012
Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 824 (63,222)
Citation 5

Abstract:

Loading...

United States Code, Hierarchical Network, Citation Network, Computational Linguistics, Information Retrieval, Computational Legal Studies, Physics and Society

15.

OpenEDGAR: Open Source Software for SEC EDGAR Analysis

Number of pages: 12 Posted: 27 Jun 2018
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Eric Detterman
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and LexPredict, LLC
Downloads 656 (85,051)
Citation 3

Abstract:

Loading...

SEC, EDGAR, Legal, Regulatory, Finance, Accounting, Data, Opensource, Corpora, Python, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning

16.

Measuring Law Over Time: A Network Analytical Framework with an Application to Statutes and Regulations in the United States and Germany

Frontiers in Physics 9 (2021), 269:1–269:31
Number of pages: 64 Posted: 12 Feb 2021 Last Revised: 22 Apr 2022
Corinna Coupette, Janis Beckedorf, Dirk Hartung, Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
Aalto University, Heidelberg University - Faculty of Law, Singapore Management University - Yong Pung How School of Law, 273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 627 (90,131)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Loading...

legal complexity, evolution of law, quantitative legal studies, empirical legal studies, legal data science, network analysis, natural language processing, complex systems

17.

Crowdsourcing Accurately and Robustly Predicts Supreme Court Decisions

Number of pages: 11 Posted: 13 Dec 2017
Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito and Josh Blackman
Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures and South Texas College of Law Houston
Downloads 581 (99,293)
Citation 6

Abstract:

Loading...

judicial prediction, crowdsourcing, legal prediction, judicial crowdsourcing, legal analytics, legal data, model thinking, quantitative legal prediction

18.

LexGLUE: A Benchmark Dataset for Legal Language Understanding in English

Number of pages: 17 Posted: 05 Oct 2021 Last Revised: 22 Mar 2023
Ilias Chalkidis, Abhik Jana, Abhik Jana, Dirk Hartung, Michael James Bommarito, Ion Androutsopoulos, Daniel Martin Katz and Nikolaos Aletras
University of Copenhagen, Language Technology Group, Department of Informatics, Universität HamburgUniversity of Hamburg, Singapore Management University - Yong Pung How School of Law, 273 Ventures, Athens University of Economics and Business, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and University of Sheffield
Downloads 562 (103,522)
Citation 21

Abstract:

Loading...

natural language processing, legal data, legal tech, natural language understanding, evaluation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence and law

19.

Distance Measures for Dynamic Citation Networks

Physica A, Vol. 389, pp. 4201-4208, 2010
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 11 Sep 2009 Last Revised: 09 Nov 2010
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz, Jon Zelner, James H. Fowler and James H. Fowler
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Center for Study of Complex Systems and UC San Diego Division of Social SciencesUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD) - Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
Downloads 436 (140,860)

Abstract:

Loading...

citation networks, acyclic digraphs, dynamic network analysis, judicial citations, patent citations, distance measures, community detection, clustering

20.

Gpt as Knowledge Worker: A Zero-Shot Evaluation of (AI)CPA Capabilities

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 11 Jan 2023
Jillian Bommarito, Michael James Bommarito, Jessica Ann Mefford Katz and Daniel Martin Katz
273 Ventures, 273 Ventures, 273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 421 (146,670)

Abstract:

Loading...

Knowledge Work, Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Accounting, Finance, Law, GPT-3, ChatGPT, GPT-3.5

21.

Spectral Analysis of Time-Dependent Market-Adjusted Return Correlation Matrix

M.J. Bommarito and A. Duran, Spectral analysis of time-dependent market-adjusted return correlation matrix, Physica A, 503, 2018, pp. 273-282
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 06 Sep 2010 Last Revised: 04 May 2018
Michael James Bommarito and Ahmet Duran
273 Ventures and Istanbul Technical University, Department of Mathematical Engineering
Downloads 389 (160,456)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Loading...

market-adjusted return, return correlation matrix, maximum eigenvalue, random matrix theory

22.

Properties of the United States Code Citation Network

Number of pages: 4 Posted: 10 Nov 2009 Last Revised: 24 Mar 2010
Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 338 (187,338)
Citation 8

Abstract:

Loading...

United States Code, Citation Network, Computational Legal Studies, Skewed Distributions, Degree Distribution, Power Laws

23.

Measuring and Modeling the U.S. Regulatory Ecosystem

Number of pages: 10 Posted: 03 Jan 2017 Last Revised: 01 Jul 2017
Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 325 (195,333)
Citation 3

Abstract:

Loading...

complex systems, legal complexity, techno-social systems, diversity, regulation, legal science, empirical legal studies, natural language processing

24.

On the Stability of Community Detection Algorithms on Longitudinal Citation Data

Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010, Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Applications of Social Network Analysis (ASNA 2009)
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 04 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 26 May 2010
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Jon Zelner
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Center for Study of Complex Systems
Downloads 318 (199,912)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Loading...

community detection, evolutionary graph theory, computational legal studies, citation network, direct acyclic graphs, graph theory, network analysis and law, judicial citation network, network dynamics

25.

The Electronic World Treaty Index: Collecting the Population of International Agreements in the 20th Century

Number of pages: 29 Posted: 30 Aug 2015
Paul Poast, Michael James Bommarito and Daniel Martin Katz
University of Chicago - Department of Political Science, 273 Ventures and Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law
Downloads 236 (271,369)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Loading...

26.

Exploring Relationships between Legal Concepts in the United States Supreme Court

Number of pages: 23 Posted: 19 Apr 2011
Michael James Bommarito
273 Ventures
Downloads 200 (317,667)

Abstract:

Loading...

United States Supreme Court, headnotes, concept map, citation, co-occurrence, dimensionality, legal network, judicial citation

27.

An Empirical Analysis of the Python Package Index (PyPI)

Number of pages: 15 Posted: 26 Jul 2019 Last Revised: 29 Jul 2019
Ethan Bommarito, Ethan Bommarito and Michael James Bommarito
University of Michigan Ann ArborLicensio, LLC and 273 Ventures
Downloads 158 (391,773)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Loading...

software, software development, licensing, open source, dependency, collaboration, python, complex system

28.

The Race to the Bund: Aggregate European and State-Level Integration from the EEC to Present

Number of pages: 25 Posted: 19 Apr 2011
Michael James Bommarito
273 Ventures
Downloads 114 (507,412)

Abstract:

Loading...

EU integration, sovereign debt, sovereign bonds

29.

Sensitivity of Collective Outcomes Identifies Pivotal Components

Number of pages: 14 Posted: 06 Oct 2019 Last Revised: 01 Dec 2019
Edward Lee, Daniel Martin Katz, Michael James Bommarito and Paul Ginsparg
Santa Fe Institute, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law, 273 Ventures and Cornell University - Department of Physics
Downloads 72 (678,278)

Abstract:

Loading...

Complex Systems, Social Physics, Political Voting, Information Geometry, Median Voter, Robustness, Sensitivity, Finance

30.

An Empirical Analysis of the R Package Ecosystem

Number of pages: 20 Posted: 23 Feb 2021
Michael James Bommarito, Ethan Bommarito and Ethan Bommarito
273 Ventures and University of Michigan Ann ArborLicensio, LLC
Downloads 68 (699,104)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Loading...

software, software development, R, licensing, open source, dependency, complex system

31.

KL3M Tokenizers: A Family of Domain-Specific and Character-Level Tokenizers for Legal, Financial, and Preprocessing Applications

Number of pages: 12
Michael James Bommarito, Daniel Martin Katz and Jillian Isaacs - See
273 Ventures, Illinois Tech - Chicago Kent College of Law and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
Downloads 2

Abstract:

Loading...