F. Michael Higginbotham

University of Baltimore - School of Law

Professor of Law

1420 N. Charles Street

Baltimore, MD 21218

United States

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

48

DOWNLOADS
Rank 18,016

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 18,016

in Total Papers Downloads

5,513

SSRN CITATIONS

6

CROSSREF CITATIONS

4

Scholarly Papers (48)

1.

Affirmative Action in the United States and South Africa: Lessons from the Other Side

Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2000
Number of pages: 45 Posted: 22 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 797 (62,198)
Citation 2

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United States, South Africa, affirmative action, racial discrimination, employment discrimination,

2.

Soldiers for Justice: The Role of the Tuskegee Airmen in the Desegregation of the American Armed Forces

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 273, 2000
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 07 Oct 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 766 (65,499)

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Tuskegee Airmen, racial segregation, World War II, Army Air Corps, integration, military, armed forces

3.

An Open Letter from Heaven to Barack Obama

University of Hawaii Law Review, Vol. 32, 2009, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2010-10
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 19 Apr 2010 Last Revised: 14 Oct 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 484 (116,667)

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racial equality, A. Leon Higginbotham, Barack Obama, Clarence Thomas, Supreme Court judges, racism

4.

On....An American Tragedy: The Enduring Legacy of Plessy v. Ferguson

Baltimore Afro-American, May 1996
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 12 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 294 (203,692)

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Plessy v. Ferguson, Supreme Court, equal protection clause, 14th. Amendment, inequality, separation, racial discrimination, economic disparities, Adolph Plessy, fair housing, racial segregation

5.

International Law, the Use of Force in Self-Defense and the Southern African Conflict

Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 529-592, 1987
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 25 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 242 (248,864)

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South Africa, apartheid, self-defense, international law, guerrilla attacks, illegitimate governments, United Nations, U.N. Charter, insurgents, illegal use of force

6.

Racism Less Pervasive, More Complex

The Sun (Baltimore, MD), No. 95, p. A.21, April 4, 2008
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 05 Nov 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 230 (260,307)

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racism, discrimination, Jim Crow, american history, presidential elections

7.

De Jure Housing Segregation in the United States and South Africa: The Difficult Pursuit for Racial Justice

University of Illinois Law Review, Vol. 1990, No. 4, pp. 763-877, 1990
Number of pages: 116 Posted: 29 Aug 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham, A. Leon Higginbotham and S. Sandilel Ngcobo
University of Baltimore - School of Law, (Deceased) and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 227 (263,537)
Citation 2

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housing; segregation; comparative law; South Africa

8.

Thurgood Marshall: Legal Strategist for the Civil Rights Movement

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CIVIL RIGHTS: A REAPPRAISAL, Associated Publishers, 1997
Number of pages: 15 Posted: 17 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham and José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore - School of Law and University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 137 (409,613)

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Thurgood Marshall, civil rights movement, Supreme Court, civil rights litigation, NAACP, separate but equal doctrine, jim crow laws, African Americans, racism, Charles Hamilton Houston, Margold Strategy, University of Maryland

9.

A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.: Who Will Carry the Baton?

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2000
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 04 Mar 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham and José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore - School of Law and University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 121 (450,760)

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A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., race relations, discrimination, civil rights, mass media, academia, legal decisions, legal system

10.

A Dream Revived: The Rise of the Black Reparations Movement

NYU Annual Survey of American Law, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 447-455, 2003
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 17 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 118 (459,288)
Citation 1

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slavery, Black Reparations Movement, U.S. history, slave trade, Adjoa Aiyetoro, N'COBRA, Reconstruction

11.

Sins from the Past and Lessons for the Future: Eliminating Apartheid in South African Public Accommodations and the Challenge to an Enlightened Judiciary

Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1994
Number of pages: 57 Posted: 25 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 112 (477,619)

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Apartheid, public accommodations, South Africa, courts, judges, racial oppression, racial discrimination, racial segregation, judicial interpretation, laws, statutes

12.

Is America Finally Ready to Elect a Black President?

Desert Sun (Palm Springs, CA), October 16, 2008
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 20 Nov 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 111 (480,764)
Citation 1

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presidential politics, elections, racism, Barak Obama, Democratic Party

13.

'Yearning to Breath Free': Legal Barriers Against and Options in Favor of Liberty in Antebellum Virginia

New York University Law Review, Vol. 68, No.6, p. 1213, 1993
Number of pages: 60 Posted: 07 Oct 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham and A. Leon Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law and (Deceased)
Downloads 108 (490,424)
Citation 2

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Virginia legislature, Virginia judiciary, slavery, antebellum period, liberty, legal barriers, manumission, slave trade

14.

A Military Strike Against Racism

Boston Globe, p. A15 (Op-Ed page), July 25, 1998
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 15 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 107 (493,698)

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racism, discrimination, military, air force, Tuskegee Airmen, segregation, Harry Truman, U.S. history, World War II

15.

A Man for All Seasons

Harvard Blackletter Law Journal, Vol. 16, pp. 7-15, 2000
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 19 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 106 (497,063)
Citation 1

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A. Leon Higginbotham Jr., In Memoriam, voting rights, attornies, lawyers, South Africa, mediators, authors, judges, Yale Law School, biography, expert witnesses, legal history

16.

Affirmative Action Still Needed

Baltimore Sun, June 6th. 2013, p. 19
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 30 Aug 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 104 (504,028)

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fairness, affirmative action, access, discrimination, minorities, higher education, colleges, universities, Bakke, Grutter v. Bollinger, Fisher v. University of Texas, Sandra Day O'Connor

17.

After 150 Years, Worst Supreme Court Decision Ever Continues to Haunt

Afro-American, March 9, 2007
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 20 Nov 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 91 (550,548)

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Supreme Court, slavery, racism, citizenship, constitutional law

18.

Keynote Speech: A Letter from the Original Cause Lawyer

University of La Verne Law Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2014, pp. 205-216, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2014-18
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 17 Jul 2014 Last Revised: 04 Nov 2014
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 84 (577,957)

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cause lawyers, Thurgood Marshall, A. Leon Higginbotham, racial discrimination, Brown v. Board of Education, Charles Hamilton Houston, civil rights, voting rights, immigration rights, Supreme Court, economic inequality

19.

The Price of Apartheid

Howard Law Journal, Vol. 38, No. 2, p. 371, 1995
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 17 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 69 (644,749)

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South Africa, apartheid, racial discrimination, elections, National Party, racial segregation, F. W. de Klerk, African National Congress, Nelson Mandela

20.

Ghosts of Jim Crow Haunt Us Still

Baltimore Sun, January 23, 2013
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 30 Aug 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 68 (649,768)

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Thurgood Marshall, Brown v. Board of Education, Jim Crow, segregation, Supreme Court, racial inequality, Roberts vs. Texaco, capital punishment, death penalty

21.

'See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil' - Developing a Policy for Disclosure by Counsel to Public Corporations

Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1982
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 19 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 60 (690,865)

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public corporations, counsel, policies, disclosure, SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission, violations of substantive laws, illegalities

22.

Affirmative Action, Selective Memory Loss, and the Mistakes of Adarand

NYU Annual Survey of American Law, No. 3, 1995
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 19 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 60 (690,865)
Citation 1

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Supreme Court, affirmative action, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, selective memory loss, Fifth Amendment, Due Process Clause, Fourteenth Amendment, Equal Protection Clause

23.

Racial Equality in Jury Selection

Maryland Law Review, Vol. 72, pp. 1106-1111
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 15 Aug 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 59 (696,250)

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Maryland Court of Appeals, Chief Judge Robert Bell, racial equality, racial justice, jury selection, courts

24.

An Open Letter from Heaven to Justice Samuel Alito

Harvard Blackletter Law Journal, Vol. 23, 2007
Number of pages: 14 Posted: 08 Aug 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 59 (696,250)

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Supreme Court, judiciary, justices, civil rights, racial discrimination, Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, constitutional interpretation, Sandra Day O'Connor, equal protection issues, judicial philosophy, Constitution of the United States

25.

William I. Gosnell: Brown's Unsung Hero

Baltimore Afro-American, July 6, 2000, p. A6, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 30 Apr 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham and José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore - School of Law and University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 57 (707,382)

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William I. Gosnell, Brown v. Board of Education, civil rights, racial segregation, schools, Thurgood Marshall, Charles Hamilton Houston, black lawyers, University of Maryland, Donald Murray, equal protection, legal history, NAACP

26.

Congress Must Act to Guard Our Most Important Right

Orlando Sentinel, Friday Aug 16, 2013, p. A14
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 31 Aug 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 55 (718,771)

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Congress, Voting Rights Act, Shelby County v. Holder, race discrimination, election practices, voter suppression, Justice Department

27.

Speaking Truth to Power: A Tribute to A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.

Yale Law & Policy Review, Vol. 20, p. 341, 2002
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 08 Oct 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 52 (736,846)

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judges, civil rights, politics, William Jefferson Clinton, federal courts, racism

28.

Judge Higginbotham Will Be Sorely Missed

National Law Journal, Dec. 28, 1998 - Jan. 4, 1999, p. A26.
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 07 May 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 47 (768,711)
Citation 2

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A. Leon Higginbotham, judges, civil rights, equal opportunity, racial equality, sexual equality, federal bench, Federal Trade Commission, legal authors, social justice, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, racial justice, law professors, Harvard University,

29.

Harry Thomas Edwards

AFRICAN AMERICAN LIVES, 1st ed., pp. 266-268, Oxford Univ. Press, 2004
Number of pages: 3 Posted: 01 Sep 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 46 (775,362)

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federal judges, federal courts, law schools, legal scholarship, legal biography, lawyers, attorneys, law professors, University of Michigan School of Law, Harvard Law School

30.

Bush and the Black Vote

University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research, Baltimore Afro-American, October 30, 2004 - November 5, 2004
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 13 Nov 2009 Last Revised: 17 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 44 (789,324)

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George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Republican Party, Black vote, Charles Pickering, affirmative action, Bob Jones University, NAACP, Trent Lott, Strom Thurmond, Nelson Mandela, apartheid, 1964 Civil Rights Act, racial discrimination, southern strategy, John Kerry

31.

Affirmative Action and the Mistakes of Schuette

New York Times, April 27, 2014. (published under a slightly different title)
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 14 Jun 2014
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 40 (818,359)

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race-based affirmative action, income-based affirmative action, racial discrimination, Schuette decision, Michigan, colleges, universities, electoral process, civil rights

32.

Saving the Dream for All: A Tribute to A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.

Human Rights, Spring 1999, p. 23-24, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 30 Apr 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 39 (826,018)

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judges, biography, Yale Law School, Federal bench, National Bar Association, NAACP, civil rights, equal protection, racial equality, gender equality, Federal Trade Commission, religious toleration, protection of children, eradication of poverty

33.

Hard-Won Victory Must Be Secured

The Sun (Baltimore, MD), p. 5.C, Sunday, August 7, 2005
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 30 Jul 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 38 (833,835)

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Voting Rights Act, civil rights, violence, elections, racial discrimination

34.

The Case of the Missing Post-Racial Election

Baltimore Afro-American, November 2012, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 03 Sep 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 37 (841,526)

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Barack Obama, elections, race relations, U.S. history, Jim Crow, politics, stereotyping

35.

The Court Has Granted Wide Deference to Colleges

The Chronicle Review (Chronicle of Higher Education), Vol. 49, No. 29, Page B11, March 2003
Number of pages: 3 Posted: 13 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham and Kathleen A. Bergin
University of Baltimore - School of Law and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 37 (841,526)

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Equal Protection Clause, 14th Amendment, college admissions, university admissions, racial diversity, Uversity of California v. Bakke, stare decisis,

36.

Reflections on South Africa's Rendezvous with Destiny

Baltimore Afro-American, 102nd Year, No. 40, May 1994
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 13 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 37 (841,526)

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South Africa, apartheid, elections, racial segregation, F.W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, National Party, African National Congress, Freedom Charter of 1955, interim constitution,

37.

Setting the Record Straight: Judge Higginbotham on Judge Alito

Baltimore Afro-American, p. A11, January 28-February 3, 2006
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 20 Nov 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 37 (841,526)

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Supreme Court, Samuel Alito, A. Leon Higginbotham, discrimination, Federal Judiciary

38.

On Gender and Racial Issues Justices Suffer from Rare Disease

University of Baltimore Alumni Magazine, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 21-22, Fall 1995
Number of pages: 3 Posted: 27 Jun 2011
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 35 (857,959)

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Racial Discrimination, Affirmative Action, Supreme Court, Fourteenth Amendment, Sexual Discrimination, Adarand Constructors v. Pena, Equal Protection

39.

And Now the Hard Work Begins in South Africa

Boston Globe, May 16, 1994, p. A14, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 30 Apr 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 34 (866,317)

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South Africa, elections, apartheid, Nelson Mandela, African National Congress, oppression, racial segregation, racial discrimination, affirmative action, colonialism, National Party, history, politics

40.

Bar Group Rolls Up Welcome Mat (Conservative Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas Beset But Not Deterred by Liberal Attacks, He Says)

Crisis, The Magazine of Opportunities and Ideas, pp. 12-13, September/October 1998, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 30 Apr 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 33 (874,771)

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Supreme Court justices, Clarence Thomas, National Bar Association, speeches, conservatives, affirmative action, discrimination, civil rights, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, jurisprudence, racial minorities, women

41.

Recognition Long Overdue

Washington Afro-American, vol. 115, No. 33, March 31,2007 - April 6, 2007
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 19 Nov 2008
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 33 (874,771)

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Tuskegee Airmen, World War II, racial discrimination, military history, U.S. Army Air Corps

42.

Democrats for Ehrlich? What a Confused Group!

Prince George's Journal, Vol. 64, No. 216, p. A11, October 31, 2002
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 18 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 32 (883,323)

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Maryland, politics, Democratic Party, Republican Party, Robert Ehrlich, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, governor, editorials, gun control, aid to education, minimum wage, gun control, environmental standards, Chesapeake Bay Agreement, assault weapons,

43.

Access and Fairness in the Fisher Affirmative Action Case

Baltimore Afro-American, June 2013, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 2 Posted: 03 Sep 2013
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 31 (891,928)

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affirmative action, fairness, minorities, discrimination, minority underrepresentation, higher education, colleges, universities, Supreme Court, Fisher v. University of Texas, litigation

44.

Why the University of Michigan Should Win in Grutter and Gratz

Louisiana Law Review, Vol. 63, No. 3, p. 697, 2003
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 22 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham and Kathleen A. Bergin
University of Baltimore - School of Law and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 29 (910,039)

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higher education, racial diversity, admissions programs, student diversity, narrow tailoring, Regents of the University of Californai v. Bakke, University of Michigan, Grutter and Gratz

45.

Promises Kept

Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy, Vol. 6, pp. 11-16, July 2001
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 08 Aug 2010
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 28 (919,473)

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Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, racial discrimination, civil rights, NAACP, desegregation, public schools, employment discrimination, public accommodations, voting rights, racial equality,

46.

Drum Majors for Justice

The Sun, p. 17A, February 1999
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 13 Nov 2009
F. Michael Higginbotham and José F. Anderson
University of Baltimore - School of Law and University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 28 (919,473)

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William I. Gosnell, Thurgood Marshall, legal history, Charles Hamilton Houston, University of Maryland School of Law, desegregation, NAACP, equal protection, 14th Amendment

47.

Townsend: The Clear Choice

Baltimore Afro-American, Vol. 111, No. 12, November 2-8, 2002, p. A7.
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 02 May 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 26 (938,332)

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Maryland politics, elections, governors, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Robert Ehrlich, Michael Steele, affirmative action, civil rights, NAACP, racial equality, economic equality, minority outreach

48.

Glendening - The Clear Choice

Baltimore Afro-American, Vol. 107, October 31, 1998, p. A5, University of Baltimore School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper
Number of pages: 1 Posted: 30 Apr 2012
F. Michael Higginbotham
University of Baltimore - School of Law
Downloads 24 (958,112)

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Parris Glendening, Maryland, elections, governor, Ellen Sauerbrey, equal rights, discrimination, affirmative action