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Gregory Shaffer

University of California, Irvine School of Law

Professor

401 E. Peltason Dr.

Ste. 1000

Irvine, CA 92612

United States

  • University of California, Irvine School of Law

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

87

DOWNLOADS
Rank 347

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Top 347

in Total Papers Downloads

40,403

CITATIONS
Rank 3,926

SSRN RANKINGS

Top 3,926

in Total Papers Citations

138

Scholarly Papers (87)

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1.

Hard vs. Soft Law: Alternatives, Complements and Antagonists in International Governance

Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 94, pp. 706-99, 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-23
Number of pages: 95 Posted: 03 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 25 Oct 2010
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 2,158 (2,818)
Citation 3

Abstract:

hard and soft law, power and international law, WTO, dispute settlement, prisoners dilemma

2.

The World Trade Organization Under Challenge: Democracy and the Law and Politics of the WTO's Treatment of Trade and Environment Matters

Harvard Environmental Law Review, Vol. 25, pp. 1-93, Winter 2001
Number of pages: 94 Posted: 26 Oct 2005 Last Revised: 05 Jul 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 1,240 (6,324)
Citation 13

Abstract:

WTO, democracy, trade and environment, NGOs, trade governance, power, stakeholders, transparency, world environment organization

3.

Criminalizing Cartels: A Global Trend?

Chapter in Research Handbook on Comparative Competition Law, eds. John Duns, Arlen Duke, and Brendan Sweeney (Edgar Elgar, 2015), Sedona Conference Journal, Vol. 12, 2011, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-26
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 04 Jul 2013 Last Revised: 14 Mar 2016
Gregory Shaffer, Nathaniel H. Nesbitt and Spencer Weber Waller
University of California, Irvine School of Law, University of Minnesota Law School and Loyola University of Chicago, School of Law - Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies
Downloads 1,224 (12,746)
Citation 1

Abstract:

comparative competition law, cartels, criminalization, law and globalization, transnational legal process, transnational legal orders, networks

4.

How Hard and Soft Law Interact in International Regulatory Governance: Alternatives, Complements and Antagonists

SYSTEMIC IMPLICATIONS OF TRANSATLANTIC REGULATORY COOPERATION AND COMPETITION, Simon Evenett & Robert Stern, eds., World Scientific, 2010, Society of International Economic Law (SIEL) Inaugural Conference 2008 Paper
Number of pages: 69 Posted: 08 Jul 2008 Last Revised: 22 Jun 2010
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 1,220 (11,237)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Hard law, Soft law, Hard and soft law, International governance, International regulatory governance, Legal positivism, Political economy, International legal instruments, International law

5.

How Does International Law Work: What Empirical Research Shows

OXFORD HANDBOOK OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, eds., Peter Cane & Herbert Kritzer, 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-54
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 19 Dec 2009 Last Revised: 04 Feb 2010
Tom Ginsburg and Gregory Shaffer
University of Chicago Law School and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 1,129 (12,145)
Citation 2

Abstract:

empirical studies, international law

6.

Varieties of New Legal Realism: Can a New World Order Prompt a New Legal Theory?

Cornell Law Review, Vol. 95, p. 61, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-17
Number of pages: 79 Posted: 17 May 2009 Last Revised: 24 Feb 2010
Victoria Nourse and Gregory Shaffer
Georgetown University Law Center and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 1,119 (11,949)
Citation 7

Abstract:

legal realism, legal theory, behavioral law and economics, institutionalism, contextualism, attitudinal model, new legal realism, new formalism, dynamic realism, law and politics, mediating theory, recursivity

7.

Recognizing Public Goods in WTO Disputes Settlement: Who Participates? Who Decides? The Case of TRIPS and Pharmaceutical Patent Protection

Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 459-482
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 12 Apr 2004
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 1,076 (14,411)
Citation 6

Abstract:

WTO, TRIPS, pharmaceutical, trade, judicial interpretation, developing countries, public goods

8.

Developing Country Use of the WTO Dispute Settlement System: Why it Matters, the Barriers Posed

TRADE DISPUTES AND THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE WTO: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT, James Hartigan, ed., Elsevier, Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series, Chapter 7, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-50
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 26 Dec 2008
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 1,007 (13,390)

Abstract:

WTO dispute settlement, developing countries, legal capacity, judicialization, implementation periods, aggregate stakes, participation, systemic effects, terms of trade, bargaining, legal shadow, litigation, enforcement, balance of power, legal consciousness, institutional bias, rule of law

9.

The Challenges of WTO Law: Strategies for Developing Country Adaptation

World Trade Review, July 2006
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 10 Jan 2006 Last Revised: 23 Feb 2010
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 835 (18,341)
Citation 11

Abstract:

WTO, developing countries, international trade law, bias, expertise, legal capacity

10.

Transnational Legal Process and State Change

Law and Society Inquiry, 2012, New York University Institute for International Law and Justice No. 2010/4, APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper, Society of International Economic Law (SIEL), Second Biennial Global Conference University of Barcelona, IELPO Programme, July 8-10, 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-28
Number of pages: 54 Posted: 01 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 05 Jun 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 830 (16,431)
Citation 1

Abstract:

Transnational Legal Process, Transnational Legal Orders, Transnational Law, Recursivity, State Transformation, Dimensions of State Change, Conditions and Factors in State Change

11.

Globalization and Social Protection: The Impact of EU and International Rules in the Ratcheting up of U.S. Data Privacy Standards

Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 25, pp. 1-88, Winter 2000
Number of pages: 112 Posted: 17 Apr 2004
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 811 (13,335)
Citation 4

Abstract:

Data privicy, international trade law, WTO, U.S.-EU relations, social protections, globalization

12.

Hard and Soft Law: What Have We Learned?

in International Law and International Relations: Insights from Interdisciplinary Scholarship, Jeffrey L. Dunoff and Mark A. Pollack (eds.),(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-17
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 25 Apr 2012 Last Revised: 03 May 2012
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 752 (19,061)

Abstract:

hard law, soft law, institutional design, fragmentation, compliance

13.

The WTO Tuna-Dolphin II Case: United States — Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products

American Journal of International Law, Issue 1, 2013, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-62
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 17 Nov 2012 Last Revised: 20 Nov 2012
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 749 (18,235)

Abstract:

WTO, trade-environment, PPMs, labeling, tuna-dolphin

14.

The Empirical Turn in International Legal Scholarship

American Journal of International Law, Vol. 106, p. 1, January 2012, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-09
Number of pages: 48 Posted: 14 Feb 2012 Last Revised: 05 Jun 2014
Gregory Shaffer and Tom Ginsburg
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Chicago Law School
Downloads 741 (16,834)
Citation 3

Abstract:

empirical studies, international law

15.

The Trials of Winning at the WTO: What Lies Behind Brazil's Success

Cornell International Law Journal, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2008, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-49
Number of pages: 121 Posted: 27 May 2008 Last Revised: 08 Aug 2013
Gregory Shaffer, Michelle Ratton Sanchez Badin and Barbara Rosenberg
University of California, Irvine School of Law, São Paulo Law School of Fundação Getulio Vargas FGV DIREITO SP and affiliation not provided to SSRN
Downloads 691 (25,055)
Citation 12

Abstract:

WTO, international trade, Brazil, developing countries, expertise, legal capacity, public-private partnerships, judicialization

16.

The WTO EC-Seal Products Decision: Animal Welfare, Indigenous Communities and Trade

Downloads 666 ( 31,338)

The WTO EC-Seal Products Decision: Animal Welfare, Indigenous Communities and Trade

American Journal of International Law, 2015, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2014-69
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 02 Dec 2014 Last Revised: 02 Feb 2015
Gregory Shaffer and David Pabian
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Minnesota Law School
Downloads 565 (38,434)

Abstract:

The WTO EC-Seal Products Decision: Animal Welfare, Indigenous Communities and Trade (Shorter Version)

American Journal of International Law, 2015, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-17
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 03 Feb 2015
Gregory Shaffer and David Pabian
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Minnesota Law School
Downloads 101 (224,530)

Abstract:

WTO, Technical Barriers to Trade, discrimination, protection of public morals, animal welfare, indigenous communities

17.

The WTO Shrimp-Turtle Case (United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products)

American Journal of International Law, Vol. 93, p. 507, 1999, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-63
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 04 Nov 2010 Last Revised: 04 May 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 636 (25,658)

Abstract:

WTO Shrimp-turtle case, trade and environment, legitimacy

18.

Power, Governance and the WTO: A Comparative Institutional Approach

POWER IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, pp. 130-160, Michael Barnett & Bud Duvall, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2005, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-11
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 26 Feb 2009 Last Revised: 04 Feb 2010
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 579 (29,116)
Citation 1

Abstract:

power, governance, WTO, comparative institutional analysis

19.

Interpretation and Institutional Choice at the WTO

Downloads 540 ( 41,355)
Citation 2

Interpretation and Institutional Choice at the WTO

Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 52, p. 1, 2011, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-14
Number of pages: 53 Posted: 23 Mar 2011 Last Revised: 29 Sep 2011
Gregory Shaffer and Joel P. Trachtman
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Tufts University - The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Downloads 328 (75,200)
Citation 2

Abstract:

WTO, International Economic Law, International Law, comparative institutional analysis, treaty design, interpretation, welfare effects, participatory effects

Interpretation and Institutional Choice at the WTO

Oñati Socio-Legal Series, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2011,
Number of pages: 43 Posted: 29 Nov 2011
Gregory Shaffer and Joel P. Trachtman
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Tufts University - The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
Downloads 212 (120,242)
Citation 2

Abstract:

WTO, World Trade Organization, international trade, judicial interpretation, comparative institutional analysis

20.

Empirical Work in International Law: A Bibliographical Essay

Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-32
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 05 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 15 Feb 2012
Gregory Shaffer and Tom Ginsburg
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Chicago Law School
Downloads 539 (37,407)
Citation 1

Abstract:

empirical studies, international law

21.

The Public and the Private in International Trade Litigation

Number of pages: 141 Posted: 15 Apr 2004 Last Revised: 23 Feb 2010
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 538 (34,425)

Abstract:

International trade law, litigation, public, private, WTO, US-EU relations, public-private partnerships

22.

How Business Shapes Law: A Socio-Legal Framework

Connecticut Law Review, Vol. 42, p. 147, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research No. 09-24
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 02 Jul 2009 Last Revised: 29 Nov 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 533 (34,565)
Citation 2

Abstract:

law, business, law and society, comparative law, private legal systems, administrative law

23.

Introduction: The Developing Country Experience in WTO Dispute Settlement

DISPUTE SETTLEMENT AT THE WTO: THE DEVELOPING COUNTRY EXPERIENCE, Gregory Shaffer and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-03,
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 21 Jan 2011 Last Revised: 04 Feb 2014
David Evans and Gregory Shaffer
New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 525 (35,931)

Abstract:

developing countries, wto dispute settlement, international trade law

24.

Transnational Mutual Recognition Regimes: Governance Without Global Government

IILJ Working Paper No. 2005/6, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 68, pp. 263-318, 2005, Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1007
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 17 May 2005 Last Revised: 25 Nov 2015
Kalypso A. Nicolaidis and Gregory Shaffer
University of Oxford and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 514 (35,013)
Citation 8

Abstract:

global administrative law, mutual recognition, managed mutual recognition, global governance, extraterritoriality, national treatment, harmonization, accountability, legitimacy

25.

Can WTO Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Serve Developing Countries?

Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 643-686, 2006
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 05 Feb 2005 Last Revised: 05 Nov 2013
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 499 (42,951)
Citation 3

Abstract:

WTO, international trade, developing countries, capacity building, technical assistance

26.

A Structural Theory of WTO Dispute Settlement: Why Institutional Choice Lies at the Center of the GMO Case

New York University Journal of International Law and Politics (JILP), Forthcoming
Number of pages: 102 Posted: 05 Feb 2008 Last Revised: 05 Nov 2013
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 456 (44,901)
Citation 2

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law, Law & Society, science, risk, risk assessment, WTO, SPS Agreement, GMOOs, comparative institutional analysis

27.

The Extensive (but Fragile) Authority of the WTO Appellate Body

Downloads 454 ( 51,439)

The Extensive (but Fragile) Authority of the WTO Appellate Body

Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 237-273, 2016, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2014-54
Number of pages: 38 Posted: 05 Nov 2014 Last Revised: 16 Mar 2016
Gregory Shaffer, Manfred Elsig and Sergio Puig
University of California, Irvine School of Law, University of Bern and University of Arizona Law School
Downloads 320 (77,377)

Abstract:

judicial authority, WTO, legal field

The Extensive (But Fragile) Authority of the WTO Appellate Body

Law and Contemporary Problems, 2015, Forthcoming, Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 15-17
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 29 Mar 2015
Gregory Shaffer, Manfred Elsig and Sergio Puig
University of California, Irvine School of Law, World Trade Institute and University of Arizona Law School
Downloads 134 (181,196)

Abstract:

WTO, Appellate Body, international court, court authority, dispute settlement

28.

A New Legal Realism: Method in International Economic Law Scholarship

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW - THE STATE & FUTURE OF THE DISCIPLINE, Colin B. Picker, Isabella Bunn & Douglas Arner, eds., pp. 29-42, Hart Publishing, 2008, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-01
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 14 Mar 2008 Last Revised: 09 Jan 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 384 (54,532)
Citation 1

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law; Law & Society

29.

A Call for a New Legal Realism in International Law: The Need for Method

Melvin C. Steen Appointment Lecture, Forthcoming, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-02
Posted: 08 Jan 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 382 (56,419)

Abstract:

Legal realism, international law

30.

Hard Versus Soft Law in International Security

Boston College Law Review, Vol. 52, pp. 1147, 2011, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-13
Number of pages: 97 Posted: 21 Mar 2011 Last Revised: 26 Sep 2011
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 375 (52,463)

Abstract:

hard law, soft law, progressive development of international law, fragmentation of international law, regime complexes, international law and politics, dispute settlement, prisoners dilemma

31.

The Interaction of Formal and Informal Lawmaking

INFORMAL INTERNATIONAL LAWMAKING, Joost Pauwelyn, R. Wessel & Jan Wouters, eds., Oxford University Press, 2012, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-10
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 18 Feb 2012
Mark A. Pollack and Gregory Shaffer
Temple University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 362 (50,718)
Citation 1

Abstract:

informal international law, hard and soft law, power and international law, WTO, dispute settlement, prisoners dilemma

32.

Transnationalism, Unilateralism and International Law

Transnational Environmental Law, Vol. 1, pp. 31-41 (2012), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-34
Number of pages: 10 Posted: 31 Aug 2011 Last Revised: 05 Jan 2013
Gregory Shaffer and Daniel Bodansky
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law
Downloads 354 (59,157)

Abstract:

transnational law, transnational legal process, international environmental law, unilateralism, climate change

33.

The Future of Transatlantic Economic Relations: Continuity Amid Discord

Journal of the European Consortium for Political Research, pp. 62-28, 2006
Number of pages: 318 Posted: 28 Dec 2006 Last Revised: 23 May 2011
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 352 (61,040)
Citation 1

Abstract:

International, International Law, International Economic Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law, Law & Society

34.

Managing U.S.-EU Trade Relations Through Mutual Recognition and Safe Harbor Agreements: 'New' and 'Global' Approaches to Transatlantic Economic Governance?

Columbia Journal of European Law, Vol. 9, P 29-77, Fall 2002, EUI Working Paper RSC No. 2002/28
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 19 Jun 2003
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 340 (62,678)
Citation 2

Abstract:

35.

Indian Trade Lawyers and the Building of State Trade-Related Legal Capacity

Downloads 333 ( 74,505)

Indian Trade Lawyers and the Building of State Trade-Related Legal Capacity

Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-08
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 06 Feb 2014 Last Revised: 20 Mar 2017
Gregory Shaffer, James J. Nedumpara and Aseema Sinha
University of California, Irvine School of Law, OP Jindal Global University - Jindal Global Law School (JGLS) and Claremont McKenna College
Downloads 216 (117,976)

Abstract:

developing countries, WTO dispute settlement, international trade law, legal capacity

Indian Trade Lawyers and the Building of State Trade-Related Legal Capacity

HLS Program on the Legal Profession Research Paper No. 2014-14
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 26 Feb 2014
Gregory Shaffer, James J Nedumpara and Aseema Sinha
University of California, Irvine School of Law, OP Jindal Global University - Jindal Global Law School (JGLS) and Claremont McKenna College
Downloads 117 (201,548)

Abstract:

36.

WTO Remedies: Extrapolating Purpose from Practice

THE LAW, ECONOMICS, AND POLITICS OF TRADE RETALIATION IN WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, Chad P. Bown & Joost Pauwelyn, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-51
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 31 Dec 2008
Gregory Shaffer and Dan Ganin
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Downloads 328 (66,935)

Abstract:

WTO dispute settlement, remedies, retaliation, rebalancing, inducing compliance, litigation, enforcement, law-in-action

37.

Business and Law

THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT, David Coen, Wyn Grant, Graham Wilson, eds., Oxford University Press, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-48
Number of pages: 36 Posted: 08 Dec 2008 Last Revised: 30 Jun 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 328 (70,773)
Citation 1

Abstract:

law, business, law and society, comparative law, private legal systems, administrative law

38.

The Role of the WTO Director-General and Secretariat

World Trade Review, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 429-438, 2005
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 17 Sep 2006
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 304 (77,094)
Citation 2

Abstract:

International Trade

39.

What's New in EU Trade Dispute Settlement? Judicialisation, Public-Private Networks and the WTO Legal Order

Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2006
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 30 Apr 2006
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 303 (72,709)
Citation 2

Abstract:

40.

The EC-Sardines Case: How North-South NGO-Government Links Benefited Peru

Bridges, Vol. 6, No. 7, October 2002
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 14 Nov 2005
Gregory Shaffer and Victor Mosoti
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Food and Agriculture Organization
Downloads 302 (70,773)

Abstract:

41.

Does Legal Capacity Matter? Explaining Patterns of Protectionism in the Shadow of WTO Litigation

Issue Paper, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 10 Feb 2008 Last Revised: 04 May 2011
Marc L. Busch, Eric Reinhardt and Gregory Shaffer
Georgetown University - Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS), Emory University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 297 (69,864)
Citation 4

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative law, Law & Society

42.

Access to Justice in the World Trade Organization: The Case for a Small Claims Procedure?

World Trade Review, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 587-640, 2008
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 01 May 2007 Last Revised: 12 Aug 2013
Gregory Shaffer and Hakan Nordstrom
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Swedish Board of Trade
Downloads 285 (68,694)
Citation 8

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law, Law & Society

43.

Theorizing Transnational Legal Ordering

Downloads 278 ( 91,230)

Theorizing Transnational Legal Ordering

Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2016, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-06
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 02 Mar 2016 Last Revised: 06 Jan 2017
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 278 (90,738)

Abstract:

Theorizing Transnational Legal Ordering

Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Vol. 12, pp. 231-253, 2016
Posted: 18 Nov 2016
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law

Abstract:

44.

Does Legal Capacity Matter? A Survey of WTO Members

World Trade Review, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-31
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 25 Aug 2009 Last Revised: 02 Sep 2009
Marc L. Busch, Eric Reinhardt and Gregory Shaffer
Georgetown University - Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS), Emory University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 247 (93,801)
Citation 10

Abstract:

legal capacity, power and international law, WTO, dispute settlement

45.

Empiricism, Experimentalism, and Conditional Theory

Southern Methodist University Law Review, Vol. 67, 2014, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-32, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2014-40
Number of pages: 44 Posted: 27 Jun 2014 Last Revised: 11 May 2015
Victoria Nourse and Gregory Shaffer
Georgetown University Law Center and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 241 (79,535)

Abstract:

new legal realism, conditional theory, empirical legal studies, new governance, experimentalism, emergent analytics, modularity, legal theory

46.

Law and Politics of Rights: Who Decides the Conditions for Trade Preferences?: Institutional Choice in the General System of Preferences Case

Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1008, Journal of World Trade, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 977-1008, December 2005
Number of pages: 34 Posted: 05 Jan 2006
Gregory Shaffer and Yvonne Apea Mensah
University of California, Irvine School of Law and International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)
Downloads 238 (100,863)
Citation 1

Abstract:

international law, international trade, institutional choice, trade preferences

47.

Risk, Science and Law in the WTO: The Centrality of Institutional Choice

Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law (2010), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-20
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 05 Apr 2010 Last Revised: 21 May 2011
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 228 (106,047)

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Science, Risk, Risk Assessment, WTO, SPS Agreement, GMOs, comparative institutional analysis

48.

Comparative Institutional Analysis and a New Legal Realism

Wisconsin Law Review, No.2, 2013, pp.607-628, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-67
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 22 Dec 2012 Last Revised: 27 Aug 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 220 (89,118)

Abstract:

comparative institutional analysis, legal realism, global governance

49.

Reconciling (or Failing to Reconcile) Regulatory Differences: The Ongoing Transatlantic Dispute over the Regulation of Biotechnology

Workshop on the New Transatlantic Agenda and the Future of Trnasatlantic Economic Governance, European University Institute, Florence, June 18-19, 2004
Number of pages: 65 Posted: 07 Jan 2007
Gregory Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Temple University - Department of Political Science
Downloads 203 (112,727)
Citation 2

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law, Law & Society

50.

Parliamentary Oversight of WTO Rule-Making: The Political and Normative Context

Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 629-54, 2004
Number of pages: 27 Posted: 29 Aug 2003 Last Revised: 25 Aug 2010
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 196 (121,165)
Citation 7

Abstract:

51.

Varieties of New Legal Realism: Can a New World Order Prompt a New Legal Theory? (A Synopsis)

The Legal Workshop, January 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-17
Number of pages: 6 Posted: 23 Feb 2010 Last Revised: 02 Mar 2010
Victoria Nourse and Gregory Shaffer
Georgetown University Law Center and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 191 (125,697)
Citation 7

Abstract:

Legal Realism, Legal Theory, Behavioral Law And Economics, Institutionalism, Contextualism, Attitudinal Model, New Legal Realism, New Formalism, Dynamic Realism, Law And Politics, Mediating Theory, Recursivity

52.

How the WTO Shapes the Regulatory State

Forthcoming in Francesca Bignami and David Zaring, eds, The Elgar Research Handbook on Comparative Law and Regulation, Edgar Elgar, 2015, Fourth Biennial Global Conference of the Society of International Economic Law (SIEL) Working Paper No. 2014/29, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-10
Number of pages: 42 Posted: 16 Aug 2014 Last Revised: 16 Jan 2015
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 177 (89,118)

Abstract:

WTO, World Trade Organization, Regulation, Regulatory governance, Market liberalization

53.

WTO Law in a Fragmented, Decentralized International Legal Order: Symposium Introduction

Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-46
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 18 Nov 2009 Last Revised: 24 Nov 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 174 (134,292)

Abstract:

WTO Law

54.

The Rise of Middle-Income Countries in the International Trading System

Law and Development in Middle Income Countries, Randall Peerenboom & Thomas Ginsburg, eds., Forthcoming, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-51
Number of pages: 22 Posted: 29 Sep 2012 Last Revised: 04 Feb 2014
Gregory Shaffer and Charles S. Sutton
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Independent
Downloads 169 (125,697)

Abstract:

middle income countries, international trading system, global economy

55.

Who Governs Transatlantic Relations

Mark A. Pollack and Gregory C. Shaffer, TRANSATLANTIC GOVERNANCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, Rowman & Littlefield, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-26
Number of pages: 20 Posted: 07 May 2010 Last Revised: 28 Sep 2010
Mark A. Pollack and Gregory Shaffer
Temple University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 164 (134,941)

Abstract:

Transatlantic Governance, transgovernmental, transnational, intergovernmental, networks, public-private hybrids, New Transatlantic Agenda, civil society

56.

FTA Law in WTO Dispute Settlement: Peru-Additional Duty and the Fragmentation of Trade Law

Downloads 156 (160,214)

FTA Law in WTO Dispute Settlement: Peru-Additional Duty and the Fragmentation of Trade Law

UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-43
Number of pages: 40 Posted: 01 Sep 2016 Last Revised: 02 May 2017
Gregory Shaffer and L. Alan Winters
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Sussex
Downloads 130 (186,840)

Abstract:

FTAs as Applicable Law in WTO Dispute Settlement: Was the Appellate Body Wrong in Peru-Additional Duty (DS457)?

Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper No. RSCAS 2016/65
Number of pages: 39 Posted: 01 Dec 2016
Gregory Shaffer and L. Alan Winters
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Sussex
Downloads 26 (430,846)

Abstract:

WTO, FTAs, variable levies, fragmentation

57.

WTO Blue-Green Blues: The Impact of U.S. Domestic Politics on Trade-Labor, Trade-Environment Linkages for the WTO's Future

Fordham International Law Journal, pp. 608-651, November-December 2000
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 14 Feb 2007 Last Revised: 07 Jun 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 151 (129,883)

Abstract:

International, International Economic Law, International Law, Transatlantic Relations, Comparative Law, Law & Society

58.

How the WTO Shapes Regulatory Governance

Regulation & Governance, Vol. 9, No.1, pp.1-15, 2015, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2014-53
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 11 Oct 2014 Last Revised: 17 May 2016
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 139 (114,686)

Abstract:

WTO, World Trade Organization, Regulation, Regulatory governance, Market liberalization, state transformation, institutional change, law and globalization

59.

Assessing the Advisory Centre on WTO Law from a Broader Governance Perspective

Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-46
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 01 Dec 2011
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 133 (131,729)

Abstract:

international trade law, WTO, ACWL, developing countries

60.

Introduction: Transatlantic Governance in Historical and Theoretical Perspective

Mark A. Pollack and Gregory C. Shaffer, TRANSATLANTIC GOVERNANCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, Rowman & Littlefield, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-25
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 07 May 2010 Last Revised: 25 Oct 2010
Mark A. Pollack and Gregory Shaffer
Temple University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 127 (148,747)
Citation 2

Abstract:

Transatlantic Governance, transgovernmental, transnational, intergovernmental, networks, public-private hybrids, New Transatlantic Agenda, civil society

61.

International Law and Global Public Goods in a Legal Pluralist World

European Journal of International Law, Vol. 23 (2012), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 13-17
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 03 Apr 2013 Last Revised: 29 Apr 2013
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 123 (168,615)
Citation 1

Abstract:

global public goods, legal pluralism

62.

The WTO at 10: The Contribution of the Dispute Settlement System (Book Review)

World Trade Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2009, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-19
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 11 Jun 2009
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 120 (183,963)

Abstract:

WTO, dispute settlement

63.

Transnational Recursivity Theory: Halliday & Carruthers’ Bankrupt

Socioeconomic Review, Vol. 9, No. 71, p. 394, 2011, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-38
Number of pages: 5 Posted: 14 Sep 2011 Last Revised: 07 Mar 2012
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 117 (175,449)

Abstract:

Transnational Law, Recursivity

64.

The New Legal Realist Approach to International Law

Leiden Journal of International Law, (Symposium on New Legal Realism), Vol. 28, No. 2, pp 189-210, 2015, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-54
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 13 May 2015
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 113 (97,156)

Abstract:

new legal realism; pragmatism; empiricism; transnational legal ordering; emergent analytics

65.

Introduction and Overview: Biotechnology, Risk Regulation, and the Failure of Cooperation

M. Pollack & G. Shaffer, WHEN COOPERATION FAILS: THE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLITICS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS, p. 1, Oxford University Press, 2010, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-62
Number of pages: 49 Posted: 28 Oct 2010
Mark A. Pollack and Gregory Shaffer
Temple University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 108 (175,449)

Abstract:

International Cooperation, Transnational Legal Process, Transatlantic Relations, Genetically Modified Foods and Crops, Transgovernmental Networks, Forum Shopping, WTO, Fragmentation of International Law

66.

New Legal Realism and International Law

Studying Law Globally: New Legal Realist Perspectives Vol II., Heinz Klug, Elizabeth Mertz and Sally Engle Merry, eds.. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2015, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-63
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 05 Jun 2015 Last Revised: 10 Jun 2015
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 107 (142,664)

Abstract:

new legal realism; pragmatism; empiricism; transnational legal ordering; emergent analytics

67.

Transnational Legal Orders

Chapter 1, Transnational Legal Orders, Cambridge University Press, 2015, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-56
Number of pages: 68 Posted: 14 May 2015
Terence C. Halliday and Gregory Shaffer
American Bar Foundation and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 92 (62,487)

Abstract:

Transnational Legal Orders, socio-legal theory, normative settlement, institutional alignment, institutional concordance

68.

State Transformation and the Role of Lawyers: The WTO, India, and Transnational Legal Ordering

Law & Society Review, Vol. 49, No. 3, 2015, pp.595-629, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-60
Number of pages: 41 Posted: 22 May 2015 Last Revised: 20 Mar 2017
Gregory Shaffer, James J. Nedumpara and Aseema Sinha
University of California, Irvine School of Law, OP Jindal Global University - Jindal Global Law School (JGLS) and Claremont McKenna College
Downloads 90 (144,831)

Abstract:

World Trade Organization, Transnational Legal Orders, new developmental state, State Transformation, legal capacity

69.

Risk Regulation, GMOs, and the Limits of Deliberation

The European Union Council of Ministers (eds. Daniel Naurin & Helen Wallace) (Palgrave MacMillan), pages 144-164, 2008, Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 13-35
Number of pages: 24 Posted: 22 Aug 2013
Mark A. Pollack and Gregory Shaffer
Temple University - Department of Political Science and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 83 (204,703)
Citation 1

Abstract:

risk regulation, GMOs, environmental law and policy

70.

Review Essay: A Transnational Take on Krisch's Pluralist Structure of Postnational Law

European Journal of International Law, Vol. 23 (2012), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-61
Number of pages: 17 Posted: 30 Nov 2012 Last Revised: 16 Aug 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 83 (230,994)

Abstract:

global public goods, global legal pluralism, global constitutionalism

71.

The New Empirical Turn in International Law Scholarship

ASIL Proceedings 2014 (Forthcoming), Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-30
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 06 Jun 2014
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 65 (234,236)
Citation 1

Abstract:

empirical studies, international law

72.

New Legal Realism's Rejoinder

Leiden Journal of International Law, (response to Klabbers and Augsberg), Vol. 28, No. 3, 2015, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-55
Number of pages: 9 Posted: 13 May 2015 Last Revised: 20 May 2015
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 57 (242,599)

Abstract:

new legal realism; empiricism; pragmatism; conceptualism; legal positivism; socio-legal theory

73.

Researching Transnational Legal Orders

Chapter 14, Transnational Legal Orders, Cambridge University Press, 2015, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-57
Number of pages: 51 Posted: 14 May 2015
Terence C. Halliday and Gregory Shaffer
American Bar Foundation and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 44 (150,291)

Abstract:

Transnational Legal Orders, socio-legal theory, normative settlement, institutional alignment, institutional concordance

74.

Transnational Legal Ordering and Access to Medicines

Patent Law in Global Perspective, ed. Ruth L. Okediji & Margo A. Bagley, Oxford University Press, 2014, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2015-65
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 09 Jun 2015
Gregory Shaffer and Susan K. Sell
University of California, Irvine School of Law and George Washington University
Downloads 29 (234,236)

Abstract:

transnational legal orders, WTO, TRIPS, access to medicines, economic and social rights

75.

Introduction to Symposium on Industry Associations in Transnational Legal Ordering

111 AJIL Unbound 103 (2017), UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2017-37
Number of pages: 4 Posted: 26 Jul 2017
Gregory Shaffer and Melissa (MJ) Durkee
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Washington - School of Law
Downloads 0 (485,985)

Abstract:

industry associations, globalization, transnational legal orders

76.

Theorizing Transnational Legal Ordering of Private and Business Law

UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, Vol. 1, pp. 1-10, Fall 2016, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2017-34
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 16 Jun 2017
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (293,877)

Abstract:

77.

China's Rise: How It Took on the U.S. at the WTO

Forthcoming, University of Illinois Law Review, Vol 1, 2018, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2017-15, Singapore Management University School of Law Research Paper No. 14/2017
Number of pages: 56 Posted: 20 Mar 2017 Last Revised: 07 Jul 2017
Gregory Shaffer and Henry S. Gao
University of California, Irvine School of Law and Singapore Management University - School of Law
Downloads 0 (80,971)

Abstract:

China, WTO, legal capacity, dispute settlement, transnational legal ordering, two-level game, international trade law

78.

From International Law to Jessup's Transnational Law, from Transnational Law to Transnational Legal Orders

UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2017-02
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 09 Jan 2017 Last Revised: 31 May 2017
Gregory Shaffer and Carlos Coye
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (118,930)

Abstract:

79.

With, Within, and Beyond the State: The Promise and Limits of Transnational Legal Ordering

UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-59
Number of pages: 25 Posted: 09 Dec 2016 Last Revised: 14 Mar 2017
Gregory Shaffer and Terence C. Halliday
University of California, Irvine School of Law and American Bar Foundation
Downloads 0 (137,104)

Abstract:

80.

The (Mis)Alignment of the Trade and Monetary Legal Orders

Chapter 5 IN: Transnational Legal Orders, Terence C Halliday; Gregory C Shaffer, editors, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2015., UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-27, University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 27/2016
Number of pages: 47 Posted: 08 Jun 2016 Last Revised: 13 Aug 2016
Gregory Shaffer and Michael Waibel
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Cambridge - Faculty of Law
Downloads 0 (234,236)

Abstract:

81.

The Rise and Fall of Trade and Monetary Legal Orders: From the Interwar Period to Today’s Global Imbalances

Chapter 9 IN: Contractual Knowledge: One Hundred Years of Legal Experimentation, Gregoire Mallard & Jerome Sgard, editors, NY: Cambridge University Press, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-28, University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 28/2016
Number of pages: 37 Posted: 08 Jun 2016 Last Revised: 13 Aug 2016
Gregory Shaffer and Michael Waibel
University of California, Irvine School of Law and University of Cambridge - Faculty of Law
Downloads 0 (195,732)

Abstract:

82.

Transparency and the Governance of Subsidies

American Society of International Law, Proceedings, 2016, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-32
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 23 May 2016
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (280,127)

Abstract:

83.

Alternatives for Regulatory Governance Under TTIP: Building from the Past

Columbia Journal of European Law, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2016, Forthcoming, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-26
Number of pages: 23 Posted: 19 May 2016
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (141,938)

Abstract:

TTIP, regulatory cooperation, regulatory coherence, transatlantic governance, mutual recognition, new governance

84.

A Breakthrough with the TPP: The Tobacco Carve-Out

Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics (2016 Forthcoming), Arizona Legal Studies Discussion Paper No. 16-13
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 01 May 2016 Last Revised: 22 Jun 2016
Sergio Puig and Gregory Shaffer
University of Arizona Law School and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (193,313)

Abstract:

International law, International Trade, Tobacco Carve-Out, Regional Trade Agreements, TPP, Trans-Pacific Partnership

85.

The Law and Politics of WTO Dispute Settlement

The Politics of International Law, eds. Wayne Sandholtz & Christopher Whytock, Oxford University Press, 2016, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-10
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 19 Mar 2016 Last Revised: 17 May 2016
Gregory Shaffer, Manfred Elsig and Sergio Puig
University of California, Irvine School of Law, University of Bern and University of Arizona Law School
Downloads 0 (50,718)

Abstract:

86.

Law, Constitutionalism, and World Society: Kjaer, Kratochwil, and Global (Dis)Order

International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2015, pp. 1063-1077, UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-09
Number of pages: 16 Posted: 14 Mar 2016
Gregory Shaffer
University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (246,140)

Abstract:

87.

Can Informal Law Discipline Subsidies?

Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2015, pp. 711-741 (winner of the inaugural John Jackson memorial prize for best article within the Journal in 2015), UC Irvine School of Law Research Paper No. 2016-03
Number of pages: 30 Posted: 23 Dec 2015 Last Revised: 11 Apr 2017
Gregory Shaffer, Robert Wolfe and Vinhcent Le
University of California, Irvine School of Law, Queen's University - School of Policy Studies and University of California, Irvine School of Law
Downloads 0 (221,719)

Abstract:

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