European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), Bocconi University, affiliation not provided to SSRN, European Central Bank (ECB), European Union - European Investment Bank, European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), Bank for International Settlements (BIS) - Monetary and Economic Department, European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB) - Directorate General Economics, European Central Bank (ECB), European Central Bank (ECB), National Bank of Belgium, Deutsche Bundesbank, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Bank of Greece, European Central Bank (ECB)CEPR, Banque de France - Centre de Recherche, Banque de France, Bank of Italy, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Bank of Italy, Dutch Central Bank (DNB), Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB), affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and Banco de España