Do State Laws Affect the Age of Marriage? a Cautionary Tale About Avoidance Behavior

49 Pages Posted: 19 Dec 2007 Last revised: 6 Nov 2022

See all articles by Rebecca M. Blank

Rebecca M. Blank

U.S. Department of Commerce

Kerwin Kofi Charles

University of Chicago - Harris School of Public Policy

James Sallee

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Date Written: December 2007

Abstract

This paper investigates the response of young people in the United States to state laws dictating the minimum age at which individuals could marry, with and without parental consent. We use variation across states and over time to document behavioral responses to laws governing the age of marriage using both administrative records from the Vital Statistics and retrospective reports from the U.S. Census. We find evidence that state laws delayed the marriages of some young people, but the effects are much smaller in Census data than in Vital Statistics records. This discrepancy appears to be driven by systematic avoidance behavior of two kinds. First, some young people marry outside their state of residence, in states with less restrictive laws. Second, many young people appear to have evaded minimum age of marriage laws by misrepresenting age on their marriage certificate. This avoidance was especially pronounced in earlier years, when few states required documented proof of age and when there was greater gain to marrying out of state because of wider variation in laws. Our results have important implications about the quality of administrative data when it is poorly monitored; about the effect of laws when agents can avoid them; and about the validly of estimates using cross-state variation in laws as an instrumental variable. By contrasting two data sources, we achieve a more complete picture of behavioral response than would be possible with either one alone.

Suggested Citation

Blank, Rebecca M. and Charles, Kerwin Kofi and Sallee, James, Do State Laws Affect the Age of Marriage? a Cautionary Tale About Avoidance Behavior (December 2007). NBER Working Paper No. w13667, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1073649

Rebecca M. Blank (Contact Author)

U.S. Department of Commerce ( email )

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Kerwin Kofi Charles

University of Chicago - Harris School of Public Policy ( email )

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Chicago, IL 60637
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(773) 834-8922 (Phone)

James Sallee

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor ( email )

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Ann Arbor, MI 48109
United States

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