Labour Demand, Flexible Contracts and Financial Factors: Firm-Level Evidence from Spain*

Abstract

We estimate models of labour demand for a panel of 3,400 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 19852001. We examine the roles of fixed-term contracts, financial factors and a policy reform in 1997 affecting permanent contracts by lowering payroll taxes and dismissal costs. Compared with permanent employment, the demand for flexible labour displays: (i) greater sensitivity to financial factors; (ii) greater cyclical sensitivity; (iii) a larger average wage elasticity; and (iv) less inertia. Our analysis of the 1997 policy reform suggests that a 5 percentage point reduction in the payroll tax is associated with an 8% increase in permanent labour demand.