The Role of Fiscal Policy in a Monetary Union: Are National Automatic Stabilizers Effective?

Abstract

We assess the role of national fiscal policies, as automatic stabilizers, within a monetary union. We use a two-country New Keynesian DSGE model, incorporating non-Ricardian consumers and a home bias in national consumption. Fiscal policy directly stabilizes non-Ricardian agents' consumption. By doing so it contributes to the reduction in the volatility of variables such as output, wage inflation, and real interest rates. Our analysis of country-specific shocks does not suggest potential inter-country conflicts (as long as policies are constrained within the automatic stabilizers framework). However, we detect a potential conflict between the two consumer groups, because fiscal policy may raise optimizing agents' consumption volatility.