Recommendation Networks and the Long Tail of Electronic Commerce

38 Pages Posted: 8 Jan 2009 Last revised: 18 Nov 2010

See all articles by Gal Oestreicher-Singer

Gal Oestreicher-Singer

Tel Aviv University - Coller School of Management

Arun Sundararajan

NYU Stern School of Business; New York University (NYU) - Center for Data Science

Date Written: September 1, 2010

Abstract

It has been conjectured that the peer-based recommendations associated with electronic commerce lead to a redistribution of demand from popular products or "blockbusters" to less popular or "niche" products, and that electronic markets will therefore be characterized by a "long tail" of demand and revenue. We test this conjecture using the revenue distributions of books in over 200 distinct categories on Amazon.com and detailed daily snapshots of co-purchase recommendation networks that products of these categories are situated in. We measure how much a product is influenced by its position in this hyperlinked network of recommendations using a variant of Google's PageRank measure of centrality. We then associate the average influence of the network on each category with the inequality in the distribution of its demand and revenue, quantifying this inequality using the Gini coefficient derived from the category's Lorenz curve. We establish that categories whose products are influenced more by the recommendation network have significantly flatter demand and revenue distributions, even after controlling for variation in average category demand, category's size and price differentials. Our empirical findings indicate that doubling the average network influence on a category is associated with an average increase of about 50% in the relative revenue for the least popular 20% of products, and with an average reduction of about 15% in the relative revenue for the most popular 20% of products. We also show that this effect is enhanced by higher assortative mixing and lower clustering in the network, and is greater in categories whose products are more evenly influenced by recommendations. The direction of these results persists over time, across both demand and revenue distributions, and across both daily and weekly demand aggregations. Our work illustrates how the microscopic economic data revealed by online networks can be used to define and answer new kinds of research questions, offers a fresh perspective on the influence of networked IT artifacts on business outcomes, and provides novel empirical evidence about the impact of visible recommendations on the long tail of electronic commerce.

Keywords: networks, social networks, electronic commerce, ecommerce, recommender systems, influence, gini coefficient

JEL Classification: D85, L14, Z13

Suggested Citation

Oestreicher-Singer, Gal and Sundararajan, Arun, Recommendation Networks and the Long Tail of Electronic Commerce (September 1, 2010). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1324064 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1324064

Gal Oestreicher-Singer (Contact Author)

Tel Aviv University - Coller School of Management ( email )

Tel Aviv
Israel

Arun Sundararajan

NYU Stern School of Business ( email )

44 West 4th Street, KMC 8-90
New York, NY 10012
United States

HOME PAGE: http://digitalarun.ai/

New York University (NYU) - Center for Data Science ( email )

726 Broadway
7th Floor
New York, NY 10003
United States

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