Why Did Some Banks Perform Better during the Credit Crisis? A Cross-Country Study of the Impact of Governance and Regulation

Charles A Dice Center Working Paper No. 2009-12

Fisher College of Business Working Paper No. 2009-03-012

38 Pages Posted: 17 Jul 2009 Last revised: 27 Sep 2010

See all articles by Andrea Beltratti

Andrea Beltratti

Bocconi University - Department of Finance

René M. Stulz

Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Finance; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)

Multiple version iconThere are 2 versions of this paper

Date Written: July 13, 2009

Abstract

Though overall bank performance from July 2007 to December 2008 was the worst since at least the Great Depression, there is significant variation in the cross-section of stock returns of large banks across the world during that period. We use this variation to evaluate the importance of factors that have been discussed as having contributed to the poor performance of banks during the credit crisis. More specifically, we investigate whether bank performance is related to bank-level governance, country-level governance, country-level regulation, and bank balance sheet and profitability characteristics before the crisis. Banks that the market favored in 2006 had especially poor returns during the crisis. Using conventional indicators of good governance, banks with more shareholder-friendly boards performed worse during the crisis. Banks in countries with stricter capital requirement regulations and with more independent supervisors performed better. Though banks in countries with more powerful supervisors had worse stock returns, we provide some evidence that this may be because these supervisors required banks to raise more capital during the crisis and that doing so was costly for shareholders. Large banks with more Tier 1 capital and more deposit financing at the end of 2006 had significantly higher returns during the crisis. After accounting for country fixed effects, banks with more loans and more liquid assets performed better during the month following the Lehman bankruptcy,and so did banks from countries with stronger capital supervision and more restrictions on bank activities.

Keywords: Banking Financial Institutions, Corporate Finance, Capital Structure and Payout Policies, Coporate Finanace, Governance, Corporate Control and Corganization, Risk Management, International Finance, Monetary Economics, Corporate law, law and Finance, Regulation of financial institutions

JEL Classification: G1, G15, G18, G21, G32, G34

Suggested Citation

Beltratti, Andrea and Stulz, Rene M., Why Did Some Banks Perform Better during the Credit Crisis? A Cross-Country Study of the Impact of Governance and Regulation (July 13, 2009). Charles A Dice Center Working Paper No. 2009-12 , Fisher College of Business Working Paper No. 2009-03-012, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1433502 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1433502

Andrea Beltratti (Contact Author)

Bocconi University - Department of Finance ( email )

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Milano, MI 20136
Italy

Rene M. Stulz

Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Finance ( email )

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United States

HOME PAGE: http://www.cob.ohio-state.edu/fin/faculty/stulz

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)

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Belgium

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