Diet, Health and Work Intensity in England and Wales, 1700-1914

66 Pages Posted: 5 Apr 2010 Last revised: 18 Nov 2022

See all articles by Bernard Harris

Bernard Harris

University of Southampton - Division of Sociology & Social Policy

Roderick Floud

London Metropolitan University; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Robert W. Fogel

University of Chicago - Booth School of Business; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Sok Chul Hong

Sogang University

Date Written: April 2010

Abstract

In their different ways, both Thomas Malthus and Thomas McKeown raised fundamental questions about the relationship between food supply and the decline of mortality. Malthus argued that food supply was the most important constraint on population growth and McKeown claimed that an improvement in the population's capacity to feed itself was the most important single cause of mortality change. This paper explores the implications of these arguments for our understanding of the causes of mortality decline in Britain between 1700 and 1914. It presents new estimates showing changes in the calorific value and composition of British diets in 1700, 1750, 1800 and 1850 and compares these with the official estimates published by the Royal Society in 1917. It then considers the implications of these data in the light of new arguments about the relationship between diet, work intensity and economic growth. However the paper is not solely concerned with the analysis of food-related issues. It also considers the ways in which sanitary reform may have contributed to the decline of mortality at the end of the nineteenth century and it pays particular attention to the impact of cohort-specific factors on the pattern of mortality decline from the mid-nineteenth century onwards.

Suggested Citation

Harris, Bernard and Floud, Roderick and Fogel, Robert W. and Hong, Sok Chul, Diet, Health and Work Intensity in England and Wales, 1700-1914 (April 2010). NBER Working Paper No. w15875, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1583816

Bernard Harris (Contact Author)

University of Southampton - Division of Sociology & Social Policy ( email )

Southampton SO17 1BJ
United Kingdom
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(023) 8059 3859 (Fax)

Roderick Floud

London Metropolitan University ( email )

London, N7 8HN
United Kingdom

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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Robert W. Fogel

University of Chicago - Booth School of Business ( email )

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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Sok Chul Hong

Sogang University ( email )

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