Disease Prevalence, Disease Incidence, and Mortality in the United States and in England

41 Pages Posted: 29 Jun 2010 Last revised: 14 Sep 2024

See all articles by James W. Banks

James W. Banks

Institute for Fiscal Studies; The University of Manchester

Alastair Muriel

Institute for Fiscal Studies

James P. Smith

RAND Corporation; IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Abstract

We find disease incidence and prevalence are both higher among Americans in age groups 55-64 and 70-80 indicating that Americans suffer from higher past cumulative disease risk and experience higher immediate risk of new disease onset compared to the English. In contrast, age specific mortality rates are similar in the two countries with an even higher risk among the English after age 65. Our second aim explains large financial gradients in mortality in the two countries. Among 55-64 year olds, we estimate similar health gradients in income and wealth in both countries, but for 70-80 year old, we find no income gradient in UK. Standard behavioral risk factors (work, marriage, obesity, exercise, and smoking) almost fully explain income gradients among 55-64 years old in both countries and a significant part among Americans 70-80 years old. The most likely explanation of no English income gradient relates to their income benefit system. Below the median, retirement benefits are largely flat and independent of past income and hence past health during the working years. Finally, we report evidence using a long panel of American respondents that their subsequent mortality is not related to large changes in wealth experienced during the prior ten year period.

Keywords: health

JEL Classification: I10

Suggested Citation

Banks, James W. and Muriel, Alastair and Smith, James P., Disease Prevalence, Disease Incidence, and Mortality in the United States and in England. IZA Discussion Paper No. 4992, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1631127

James W. Banks (Contact Author)

Institute for Fiscal Studies ( email )

7 Ridgmount Street
London, WC1E 7AE
United Kingdom

The University of Manchester

Oxford Road
Manchester, N/A M13 9PL
United Kingdom

Alastair Muriel

Institute for Fiscal Studies ( email )

7 Ridgmount Street
London, WC1E 7AE
United Kingdom

James P. Smith

RAND Corporation ( email )

P.O. Box 2138
1776 Main Street
Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138
United States

IZA Institute of Labor Economics ( email )

P.O. Box 7240
Bonn, D-53072
Germany

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