Political Realignment and Democratic Breakdown in Argentina: 1916-1930

Abstract

This paper revisits one historical event that has been repeatedly discussed by the literature on democratic breakdown: the rise and fall of Argentine democracy between 1916 and 1930. First, we demonstrate why socioeconomic factors are not a convincing explanation for the 1930 coup. Instead, we argue that the coup was the product of a polarizing political realignment that led to a legitimacy crisis. We evaluate this claim using estimates of Argentine legislators' latent preferences (ideal points) between 1916 and 1930. Our roll call data analysis suggests that disputes over socioeconomic issues did not precipitate the breakdown of the regime. What mattered was the allocation of political power. These findings support the view that stable democracy requires that all major groups in society have a sufficiently large chance of being in power.

Keywords: Democratic Breakdown, Argentina, Roll Call Votes