Strategic Informed Trading by Corporate Executives and Firm Value

Abstract

Proponents of insider trading argue that informed trading benefits shareholders and could have a positive effect on firm value, however opponents counter that insider trading could be detrimental to firm value. We measure the extent of strategic informed trading by the fraction of insider trades that are V-shaped purchases (defined as insider purchases that are preceded by negative abnormal returns and followed by positive abnormal returns) and Λ-shaped sales (defined as insider sales that are preceded by positive abnormal returns and followed by negative abnormal returns). Our strategic informed trading proxy is negatively associated with future earnings performance and Tobin’s Q, even after controlling for the direction of insider trading intensity. We adopt the view that there could be frictions that prevent the board from setting the level of informed trading at the optimal level at any given time. We find that our measure of strategic informed insider trading is positively related to restatements, another possible manifestation of agency problems resulting from the same frictions. Moreover, strategic informed trading declines significantly after announcements of earnings restatements, which are usually accompanied with significant corporate governance improvement. Overall our evidence indicates that the type of informed trading we identify represents suboptimal informed trading that is detrimental to firm value – consistent with the opponent view of informed trading.

Keywords: Insider trading, informed trading, firm value, performance, restatements

JEL Classification: G34, M41