Traditional Excluding Forces: A Review of the Quantitative Literature on the Economic Situation of Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendants, and People Living with Disability

42 Pages Posted: 25 Apr 2011

See all articles by Nestor Gandelman

Nestor Gandelman

Universidad ORT Uruguay

Hugo Ñopo

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Laura Ripani

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

Date Written: October 2007

Abstract

Unequal income distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean is linked to unequal distributions of (human and physical) assets and differential access to markets and services. These circumstances, and the accompanying social tensions, need to be understood in terms of traditional fragmenting forces; the sectors of the population who experience unfavorable outcomes are also recognized by characteristics such as ethnicity, race, gender and physical disability. In addition to reviewing the general literature on social exclusion, this paper surveys several more specific topics: i) relative deprivation (in land and housing, physical infrastructure, health and income); ii) labor market issues, including access to labor markets in general, as well as informality, segregation and discrimination; iii) the transaction points of political representation, social protection and violence; and iv) areas where analysis remains weak and avenues for further research in the region.

Suggested Citation

Gandelman, Nestor and Nopo, Hugo and Ripani, Laura, Traditional Excluding Forces: A Review of the Quantitative Literature on the Economic Situation of Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendants, and People Living with Disability (October 2007). IDB Working Paper No. 521, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1820909 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1820909

Nestor Gandelman

Universidad ORT Uruguay ( email )

Bulevar España 2633
Montevideo, 11.300
Uruguay

Hugo Nopo

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) ( email )

1300 New York Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20577
United States

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

P.O. Box 7240
Bonn, D-53072
Germany

Laura Ripani

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) ( email )

1300 New York Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20577
United States

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