International Financial Crises and the Multilateral Response: What the Historical Record Shows
42 Pages Posted: 29 Aug 2011 Last revised: 10 Jun 2023
Date Written: August 2011
Abstract
We review the modern history of financial crises, providing a context for analyses of the world's recent bout of financial instability. Along with indicators of economic performance in the subject countries, we present a comprehensive description of multilateral rescue efforts spanning the last 30 years. We show that while emergency lending has grown, reliance on debt restructuring has declined. This leads us to ask what can be done to rebalance the management of debt problems toward a better mix of emergency lending and private sector burden sharing. Building on the literature on collective action clauses, we explore the idea of sovereign cocos, contingent debt securities that automatically reduce payment obligations in the event of debt-sustainability problems.
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