An Analysis of the Language of Tappa (Folk Song Type) and its Role in Gender Identity Formation in Pakhtun Society, Pakistan

Abstract

This research paper deals with descriptive analysis of language of Pakhtun folk tappas (plural of tappa). The study is based on qualitative analysis of 8000 tappas collected and recorded by authors from Pakhtu folklore. The objective is to explore gender identity formation and gendered patterns engraved in the language of these tappas in relation to Pakhtun society of KP, Pakistan. Although, oral in origin, they are now part of Pakhtun literary culture. This research study concludes that they serve as a guide and a source of gender socialization. Pakhtun social setup is gender-based favouring men at the cost of underrating women in domestic and public sphere. In this context, language employed in tappas play vital role in preserving, reinforcing and perpetuating gendered cultural expectations.

Keywords: language, gender identity, tappa, Pakhtun, folk literature, Pakhtunwali