Intolerable Images: Consumer Identity, Media Spectacle and the English Riots of 2011

Abstract

Within hours of the outset of unrest in the August 2011 English Riots, the government asserted that this was the doing of “criminal gangs.” Although this assertion was subsequently abandoned, it referred to on-going processes: a criminalization of youth in Britain. The recycled images of flames and hooded teenagers came to serve as the proof of youth “gone bad.” Yet in many ways these articulations were the realization of Guy Debord’s definition of the spectacle: the inversion of life, where images come to be the materialization of life. The image is supposed to be intolerable, and yet it stands in for expectation. Thus appearance stands for reality. To look more closely is both an exercise in futility and an act of subversion. This paper will explore both the actions supposedly captured in the images depicting the riots, and the discourses surrounding the reproduction of those images. It seeks to connect the youth politics of the everyday – the problems of being ignored as political subjects – to the formal political structures that rely on youth to be socially unruly on the one hand, and disciplined consumers on the other. The paper concludes with a comparative analysis of the consumer images that continue to discipline young people and also served as the model for framing the images of the unrest. The paper examines how spontaneous, uncoordinated action came to be read through mass media spectacle, promoting appearance over reality, through the reproduction of intolerable images.

Keywords: English Riots, Control Society, Consumer Culture, Exclusion