Inherently Good? A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence Regarding Advocacy Intervention Outcomes

Abstract

Over the past two decades in a benign socicultural context advocacy organisations have increased both in number and resources. This article systematically reviews evidence for outcomes of this intervention. Searching bibliographic databases (Pscyhinfo, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, SOCindex & British Nursing Index) generated 13 studies meeting review criteria. Quantitative evidence was found for statistically significant effects on hospitalization (re-admittance and duration of stay), quality of life, and resource use. Qualitative evidence suggests a shared goal of ‘empowerment’ and the usefulness of advocacy but no agreement on its definition or underlying processes. Suggestions are made regarding future research directions in advocacy.

Keywords: Advocacy, Review, Outcome, Systematic, Qualitative Research