The Business Cycle and the Correlation between Stocks and Commodities

Abstract

Measured over long horizons, the correlation between stocks and commodities is close to zero. However, it varies widely over time. Using historical data extending back to 1960 we study the stock-commodity correlation and show: (1) Stock-commodity correlation has a business-cycle component: it is higher during periods of economic weakness. (2) The same pattern is observed in the average intra-commodity correlation. Our results are consistent with recession-increased risk aversion causing investors to treat all risky assets the same, and also with firms adjusting variable input use more quickly during tough times. (3) This business-cycle effect can explain the spikes in the stock-commodity correlation in the early 1980s and the late 2000s. (4) The link between stock-commodity correlation and business cycle is stronger for industrial commodities than for agricultural commodities.

Keywords: business cycle, stock-commodity correlation

JEL Classification: G10, G11, G112