Are All U.S. Credit Unions Alike? A Generalized Model of Heterogeneous Technologies with Endogenous Switching and Correlated Effects

Documentos de trabajo Economía y Finanzas No 13-17

31 Pages Posted: 10 Feb 2014 Last revised: 12 Mar 2015

See all articles by Emir Malikov

Emir Malikov

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Diego A. Restrepo-Tobon

State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton - Department of Economics; Universidad EAFIT - School of Economics and Finance - Center for Research in Economic & Finance (CIEF); EAFIT University

Subal C. Kumbhakar

State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton - Department of Economics

Date Written: March 20, 2014

Abstract

Credit unions differ in the types of financial services they offer to their members. This paper explicitly models this observed heterogeneity using a generalized model of endogenous ordered switching. Our approach captures the endogenous choice that credit unions make when adding new products to their financial services mix. Failure to do so is likely to yield biased and inconsistent estimates. The model that we develop also allows for the dependence between unobserved effects and regressors in both the selection and outcome equations and can accommodate the presence of predetermined covariates in the model. We use this model to estimate returns to scale for U.S. retail credit unions from 1996 to 2011. We document strong evidence of persistent technological heterogeneity among credit unions offering different financial service mixes, which, if ignored, can produce quite misleading results. Employing our generalized model, we find that credit unions of all types exhibit substantial economies of scale.

Keywords: Credit Union, Correlated Effects, Panel Data, Returns to Scale, Selection, Switching Regression

JEL Classification: C33, C34, G21

Suggested Citation

Malikov, Emir and Restrepo-Tobon, Diego A. and Restrepo-Tobon, Diego A. and Kumbhakar, Subal C., Are All U.S. Credit Unions Alike? A Generalized Model of Heterogeneous Technologies with Endogenous Switching and Correlated Effects (March 20, 2014). Documentos de trabajo Economía y Finanzas No 13-17, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2393183 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2393183

Emir Malikov

University of Nevada, Las Vegas ( email )

4505 S. Maryland Parkway
Las Vegas, NV 89154
United States

Diego A. Restrepo-Tobon (Contact Author)

State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton - Department of Economics ( email )

Binghamton, NY 13902-6000
United States

Universidad EAFIT - School of Economics and Finance - Center for Research in Economic & Finance (CIEF) ( email )

Carrera 49 No. 7 South - 50
Medellin
Colombia

EAFIT University ( email )

Carrera 49 N° 7 sur – 50
Medellin, Antioquia 00000
Colombia

Subal C. Kumbhakar

State University of New York (SUNY) at Binghamton - Department of Economics ( email )

Binghamton, NY 13902-6000
United States

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