海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議（ECFA）爭端解決機制在WTO體系適法性之評析 (The Consistency of Establishing Dispute Settlement Mechanism of ECFA with WTO Law)

Abstract

Chinese Abstract: 我國政府和中國大陸簽署的海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議（ECFA），屬於世界 貿易組織（WTO）下各會員國間簽署的自由貿易協定（FTA），而目前ECFA 協議 中也規劃訂定爭端解決機制，將兩岸間發生之貿易問題，交由此一機構處理；不 過WTO 架構下，本即訂有「爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書」（Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, DSU），並設有爭端解決機構（DSB）之爭端解決小組（Panel）及常設上訴機（Appellate Body, AB）以處理 各會員國貿易上爭端。若我國簽署ECFA 後，兩岸間之貿易爭端案件究應由DSB 享有管轄權？亦或ECFA 之爭端解決機構將影響WTO 下DSB 之管轄權？均將影 響我國貿易救濟措施之實行。因此本文將分析WTO 對此議題既有的判決意旨，並 探討ECFA 下另設爭端解決機制於WTO 法制下的適法性，以此分析提供我國和中 國大陸若發生貿易爭端時，所可能採取的救濟方法。

English Abstract: According to the recently ratified Free Trade Agreement (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA) between Mainland China and the Taiwanese Government, a Dispute Settlement Mechanism shall be established to interpret ECFA regulations and to reconcile trade disputes occurred between contracting parties. However, under the framework of the WTO system, a Dispute Settlement System (including Panel and Appellate Body) has already existed to settle any WTO related trade dispute between WTO members. Considering both ECFA and WTO dispute settlement mechanism aim to solve trade disputes, it is highly possible that such co-existed mechanisms would both have jurisdiction upon the same subject matter. Hence this article would focus on analyzing the legitimacy and the consistency of establishing a dispute settlement mechanism under Free Trade Agreement. Moreover, this article would rely upon the perspective of WTO precedent: including Mexico - Taxes on Soft Drinks and Argentina - AD Poultry Dumping, to observe WTO DSB’s position on the issue of overlapping jurisdiction situation between FTA and WTO Agreement. Moreover, this article would also make suggestions to the government authority on the matters that should be given more consideration during the future ECFA negotiation process.

Note: Downloadable document is in Chinese.

Keywords: 自由貿易協定, 管轄權, 爭端解決機制, Free Trade Agreement, Jurisdiction, Dispute Settlement Mechanism