Warehousing Credit (CVA) Risk, Capital (KVA) and Tax (TVA) Consequences

Abstract

Credit risk may be warehoused by choice, or because of limited hedging possibilities. Credit risk warehousing increases capital requirements and leaves open risk. Open risk must be priced in the physical measure, rather than the risk neutral measure, and implies profits and losses. Furthermore the rate of return on capital that shareholders require must be paid from profits. Profits are taxable and losses provide tax credits. Here we extend the semi-replication approach of Burgard and Kjaer (2013) and the capital formalism (KVA) of Green, Kenyon, and Dennis (2014) to cover credit risk warehousing and tax, formalized as double-semi-replication and TVA (Tax Valuation Adjustment) to enable quantification.

Keywords: CVA, DVA, FVA, KVA, Partial Hedging, Tax, Replication, CDS, Default, Counterparty Credit Risk, TVA

JEL Classification: E22, G11, G12, G13, G18, G21, G28, G31, G38, H77, K23, L51, M20, M41, H20, H25, H23, K34, D81, D84