Harnessing the Internet of Things for Global Development

Abstract

Embedded devices, and the collection and transmission of data through machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, are increasingly prevalent in mature markets. Governments, businesses and consumers are increasingly using the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) and Big Data to improve the delivery of services, increase efficiency and production, and enhance wellbeing.

The number of wireless connected devices globally is forecasted to more than double over the next five years, with one estimate of 16 billion devices in 2014 rising to 40.9 billion by 2020. This in part is driven by the continuous decline in the cost of computing, including sensors; the expansion of network connectivity across the planet, and from urban to rural areas; and the rise is software development precipitated by the expansion of computing power.

While application of IoT technologies has focused on industrial, commercial and consumer uses in the developed market, these technologies can also benefit emerging countries, driving social and economic development. Services ranging from water and sanitation, healthcare, agriculture, etc. can be improved in developing countries through the implementation of IP-enabled sensors and actuators.

Through case studies and framework analysis, this paper explores the current use, and potential, of IoT technologies in development projects in middle- and lower-income countries, covering what has worked and what hasn't worked. Case studies of projects are identified across a range of sectors: healthcare, water & sanitation, agriculture, energy, natural resource management, disaster relief and transportation.

The report covers technical, policy and organizational challenges to the application of IoT technologies in development projects. And draws on lessons learned from project implementations to guide future incorporation of embedded sensors and other M2M technologies.

Particular attention will also be paid to the role of the IoT in supporting the global development community in transitioning from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and where IoT technologies can accelerate progress.

The report formulates summary conclusions on key issues to consider in order for the IoT to positively benefit the billions of people living in the developing world.

Keywords: IoT, sensors, development